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Political Science rc
Chapters 6, 7, and 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| public opinion | the distribution of the population's views |
| demography | the science of human population changes |
| census | U.S. Constitution requires this every ten years as an "actual enumeration" |
| How many new immigrants are allowed into the U.S. each year? | 800,000 |
| First immigrant wave: Mid 19th century | Northwestern Europeans |
| Second immigrant wave: late 19th- early 20th centuries | southern and eastern Europeans, came through Ellis Island |
| Cubans and Vietnamese came to America to escape what? | Communism |
| In the 2000 census, what percent of people were immigrants? Of those, how many were U.S. citizens? | 11% immigrants, 42% of those were citizens |
| In what year will there be more Hispanic-, African-, and Asian-Americans than white Americans? | 2045 |
| What percentage of African Americans live below the poverty line? Whites? | 24%, 10% |
| What act requires that employers document the citizenship of their employees? | Simpson-Mazzoli Act |
| What percent of appropriately aged Asian Americans hold college degrees? | 49% |
| What is the overall set of values widely shared within a society? | Political culture |
| What is the process of reallocating seats in the House of Representatives every 10 years on the basis of the results in the census? | Reapportionment |
| What is the process through which a young person acquires political orientation as they grow up? | Political socialization |
| What did David Easton and Jack Dennis argue? | That children socialized well will find less wrong with the government as adults |
| Who created the poll and when? | George Gallup in 1932 |
| What is the level of confidence in the findings of a public opinion poll? | sampling error |
| What is the key factor of a public opinion survey? | accurate representation |
| What do Jacobs and Shapiro say about polls? | Politicians use them to craft presentations, not make policy |
| What occurs when voters support a candidate because they see other people doing it? | Bandwagon effect |
| What is a public opinion survey used by major media pollsters to predict electoral winners quickly? | Exit poll |
| What did E.D. Hirsch say about education? | Education is not teaching cultural literacy (basic contextual knowledge) |
| During the 50s and 60s, how many Americans trusted the government? | 3/4 |
| What is the coherent set of beliefs about politics, public policy, and public purpose? | Political ideology |
| What type of voter connects opinions and beliefs with positions taken by parties or candidates? | Ideologues |
| Which voters think of politics in terms of groups? | group benefit voters |
| Which voters link current events to the party in charge? | nature of the times voters |
| Which voters are devoid of ideological content in politics? | no issue content voters |
| Which president practically invented media politics? | FDR |
| What is the use of in-depth reporting to unearth scandals, scans, and schemes? | investigative journalism |
| What did Thomas Patterson observe about presidential media coverage? | it has become less favorable |
| What has media coverage shifted to? | From policy statements to campaign controversies |
| When and where was the first daily American newspaper published? | 1783 in Philadelphia |
| What does the FCC do? | Federal Communications Commission; serve public interest, prevent monopolies, and give equal opportunities |
| What is media programming on cable tv or the internet that is focused on one topic and aimed at a particular audience? | narrowcasting |
| What did the Fairness Doctrine require and what happened to it? | required opposing points of view to be given equal air time; repealed in 1987 |
| What are newspapers published by massive media conglomerates that account for over 4/5 of the nation's daily newspaper circulation? | chains |
| What are specific locations from which news frequently emanates? | beats |
| What is an intentional news leak for the purpose of assessing the political reaction? | Trial Balloons |
| Who said "the medium is the message"? | Marshall McLuhan |
| What is the boring shot of a person's face on a tv screen called? | talking head |
| Which researchers discovered that the news prioritizes events, thus shaping the opinions of the viewers? | Iyengar and Donald |
| What are issues that attract serious attention of public officials? | Political agenda |
| Who are the people who invest their political "capital" in an issue? | policy entrepreneurs |
| What did the "Contract with America" promise at the 1994 Republican National Convention? | Outlined reforms promised to pass on the first day along with ten bills that would be passed in the 1st 100 days |
| What is Anthony Downs' definition of a political party? | team of people seeking to control the government apparatus by gaining office in a duly constituted election |
| Three components to a political party | Voters (electorate), organization (party leaders), and politicians (government) |
| What are the channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the government's political agenda? | linkage institutions |
| What four things must a linkage institution accomplish? | Nominate, run campaigns, articulate policy, coordinate policymaking |
| What must parties do? | generate symbols of identification and loyalty, mobilize majorities in the electorate and in government, recruit political leaders, implement policies, foster stability |
| What assumes that individuals act in their own self interest and explains the actions of voters and politicians? | Rational-choice theory |
| What is the voter's perception of what the Republicans and democrats stand for? | Party image |
| What is a citizen's self-proclaimed preference for one party or the other? | party identification |
| What percentage of Americans aged 18-24 declare to be independents? | 52% |
| What resolves conflicts in state and local branches, passes orders through the hierarchy, and states their position on issues? | American party system |
| a type of political party organization that relies heavily on material inducements | party machines |
| Who is responsible for the day-to-day activities of the party? | National chairperson |
| What is a group of individual with a common interest on which every political party depends? | coalition |
| What did Gerald Pomper find when he researched party accountability? | 3/4 became policy actions, 10% ignored, else failed |
| historical periods in which a majority of voters cling to the party in power | party eras |
| What is the displacement of the majority party by the minority party? | party realignment |
| Who was the first secretary of the Treasury and what party did he form? | Alexander Hamilton; Federalists |
| Who was the Federalist candidate and what happened? | John Adams, he lost, the party failed |
| Who formed the Democratic party? | Andrew Jackson with van Buren in the background |
| What did the Dred Scott vs. Sandford case state? | slaves are not citizens nor are they protected under the Constitution |
| What is the gradual disengagement of people and politicians from the parties? | party dealignment |
| What are the three types of third political parties? | parties that promote certain causes, splinter parties, and extension of popular individuals with presidential aspirations |
| What is a splinter party | The democrats and republicans do not support their viewpoints, so they break off and form their own party |
| What is it when two or more parties join together to form a majority in a national legislature? | Party coalition |
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rcopeland9
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