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European colonies
European exploration/settlement of the Americas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What events led to European exploration of the Americas? | Crusades, Renaissance, interest in new trade routes to India, Columbus' voyages, new technology |
| Where did Columbus really sail to? | Caribbean Islands; West Indies |
| Where did Columbus believe he had sailed to? | India or East Indies |
| What is the name for the worldwide exchange of many different things that resulted from the meeting of the Old and New Worlds? | Columbian Exchange |
| What was a negative aspect of the Columbian exchange? | Diseases from the Old World greatly impacted and killed Indians in the New World. |
| What continents were considered the Old World? | Africa, Europe, and Asia |
| What continents were considered the New World? | North and South America |
| What was the name given to Spanish conquerers that came to the New World? | conquistadors |
| Why did Spain colonize in the New World? | Gold, glory, God |
| Where did the Spanish settle and explore in the New World? | Florida, Spanish Borderlands (Southwest U.S. like Southern California, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona), Mexico, Caribbean Islands, Central America, South America/Peru |
| Why were the Spanish so successful in defeating the Indians of the New World | They had guns, steel/swords, and germs. Also had horses and the Indians thought they were gods (offered weak resistance) |
| How did the Spanish make money in New Spain? | plantations/farms, enslaved Indians and taxed them (encomiendas), gold/silver mines, stole from Indians |
| What were the three types of settlements in New Spain? | Missions, pueblos, and presidios |
| What were Missions? | Settlements in New Spain that were like churches. They converted Native Americans to Catholicism, but often used them as means to force Indian labor. |
| What were Pueblos? | They were towns/villages in New Spain, often surrounded by farm land. In the center, there was a small square where people could gather, a church, shops, and stables. |
| What were Presidios? | They were forts built in New Spain where soldiers lived and worked. They offered protection to the surrounding settlements/farms/villages. |
| What were the four social classes in New Spain? | Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Indians |
| What was the top social class in New Spain? | Peninsulares |
| What was the lowest social class in New Spain? | Indians |
| What laws created New Spain's settlements and social class structure? | Laws of the Indies |
| What law stated that Spanish land owners could tax or force Indians to work their land? | Encomiendas |
| What social class was 100% spanish-born? | Peninsulares |
| What social class in New Spain held the top jobs in government and the church? | Peninsulares |
| What social class in New Spain had Spanish parents, but they were born in America. They were well educated, wealthy, and had comfortable lives | Creoles |
| What social class in New Spain consisted of small farm owners, craft workers (like carpenter or tailor), and had a background of Spanish and Indian ancestry? | Mestizos |
| Which social class in New Spain was stuck in poverty and given no rights? | Indians |
| Where did Magellan go and what was he known for? | Magellan sailed for Spain. His crew traveled around the globe by water- what we call circumnavigation. Unfortunately, he gets all the credit even though he's killed before his crew finishes their mission. |
| What civilization did Cortes destroy and where was it? | Cortes destroyed the Aztecs and their leader, Montezuma. This was located in Mexico. |
| When the Aztecs first met the Spanish, they thought that they were ...... | Gods |
| Where did Pizarro travel and what was he known for. | Pizarro was a conquistador from Spain. He sailed to Peru and destroyed the Inca civilization. |
| Where did Juan Ponce de Leon travel and what was he known for? | Juan traveled to present-day Florida and was looking for the fountain of youth for the country of Spain. He never found it. :( |
| Where did Francisco Coronado travel and what was he known for? | He traveled in the name of Spain and was looking for the seven cities of gold. He did not find them |
| Who was Bartolome de Las Casas? Why was he important? | Priest from Spain. Was horrified by the treatment and conditions of the Indians forced to work as slaves- they starved, suffered, and died- all without much consideration. He tried to get Spain to stop using them as slaves. Suggested Africans instead |
| Who were the coureurs de bois? | Men from France that lived freely and without much regulation in the woods and with Indians tribes in New France. They hunted, trapped, fished, and traded furs. Their name means runners of the woods. |
| Why did France go to the New World? | fur trade profits, competition, convert indians to Catholicism, find northwest passage |
| What was the NOrthwest Passage? | A water route (that Europeans hoped existed) that would take a ship from the Atlantic side to the Pacific side of America by cutting through the country. They hoped to find it to get to Asia quicker. |
| Why did the Netherlands go to the NEw World? | Fur trade profits, competition, find northwest passage, establish permanent colony/settlement |
| What famous settlement did New Netherlands create? | New Amsterdam (where present day Manhattan Island is) |
| How did the Dutch acquire (get) New Amsterdam? | Bought it from the Indians |
| What customs did the Dutch bring to America that we still have today? | Lots of winter sports like sledding and ice skating. Also brought words like boss, sleigh, yacht, cookie, Santa. |
| Where did France set up colonies? | France had a hard time at this. They didn't make towns but rather trading posts for travelers and runners of the woods to come to for a night to trade. They had trouble keeping their colonists in one spot with stricter government regulation. |
| Where was New France located? | It included the land of present-day Northeast Canada, like Nova Scotia and Quebec, as well as down the Mississippi River, Louisiana and New Orleans, as well as pars of Northeast U.S. |
| What Indian tribe did the French ally with for the fur trade? | Algonquin |
| What Indian tribe did the Netherlands ally with for the fur trade? | Iroquois |
| Describe the relationship of the French with the Indians in the New World. | Mostly friendly and positive. The french knew that they could trade and learn from the Indians, so did not treat them poorly like the Spanish. Lived among them, traded with them, learned skills/locations from them, and often married Indian women. |
| When did the Dutch, French, and Indian tribes have conflict. | The fur trade was very competitive and lucrative (means that it made lots of money). The French and Algonquins allied to get as many furs/business as possible, while the Dutch and Iroquois did the same. It caused conflict and fighting between groups |
| Who did Henry Hudson sail for, where did he go, and what were his accomplishments? | Henry was English but sailed for Dutch. He wanted to find the NW passage so sailed towards Canada and New York. Named Hudson Bay and River after himself. Not well-liked by crew, who sent him and a few others off in a boat, never to be seen again. |
| Who did Samuel de Champlain sail for, where did he go, and what were his accomplishments? | Samuel sailed for the French and is called the Father of New France. He traveled to Nova Scotia, Canada, and later traveled the St. Lawrence River to form a popular trading post at Quebec, Canada. |
| Who did Marquette and Joliet sail for, where did they go, and what did they accomplish? | They were both French. Marquette was priest and came to convert Indians to Catholicism; traveled with Joliet for added protection/help/companionship. Joliet traded with the Indians. Traveled down Mississippi River and through Great Lakes |
| Who did Robert de LaSalle sail for, where did he go, and what did he accomplish? | LaSalle sailed for the French. Traveled all the way down the Mississippi River (Marquette and JOliet did not go the whole way) to the Gulf of Mexico. Named Louisiana after king Louis 14th of France; later formed New Orleans port |
| Who was Peter Minuit, where did he go, and what did he accomplish? | Peter was the leader of the Dutch in the New World. He formed New Netherlands by buying what is now New York City/Manhattan Island for 24 dollars from Indians. |
| What is a charter? | A charter is a document/fancy piece of paper that gives permission for a group or person to explore and settle (create a town) a certain area of land. Usually the person/group who grants this also gets profits from the settling group. A permission slip! |
| Why did England come to America to colonize? | Quickly realizing that England was far behind in the "race" to the New World, Queen Elizabeth and later James send colonists, mostly for profit off land and gold. Later, they come for religious freedom. |
| Where was Roanoke? | Present modern-day North Carolina (island off of N. Carolina) |
| What was the first settlement attempted by the English and was it successful? | They tried in Roanoke, North Carolina. No, it was not successful- quite the failure. :( |
| Why did Roanoke fail? | Colonists had lots of bad luck. There was a bad drought and they were starving. Leader goes back to England to get food/supplies, can't leave b/c war with Spain. When gets back, colony empty- what happened? Not sure- history mystery! |
| What man left Roanoke to get additional food and supplies in England? | John White |
| What was carved on the tree in Roanoke and what is it believed to mean? | C-R-O or Croatoan, which was a nearby island but also a local Indian tribe. Did the people go to the island, go to live with the Indians, get killed by the indians, or something else? ? ? |
| What was the first permanent colony for England called? | Jamestown |
| What group funded the colony of Jamestown? | The Virginia Company of London |
| Although there were many different social classes of men that came to Jamestown, who was not among the colonists? | Women |
| Where is Jamestown located? | Present-day Virginia |
| Who was an advisor and friend of Queen Elizabeth I's that urged her to send colonists to America? | Sir Walter Raleigh |
| What were some problems the Jamestown settlers encountered? | 13 leaders- fought often to make decisions Made only the servants/low classes work; upper classes didn't have to Poor location for planting- built site on marshy land Not friendly relations with local Indian tribe, Powhatan Malaria/mosquitos really ba |
| How did Jamestown find success and overcome it's problems? | John Smith said all men must work if they want food. Stopped digging for gold and started focusing on planting. Planted tobacco and made lots of money off of it. Sent more women and workers to J-town to make the colony grow |
| What man was the "hero" of Jamestown, helping the colonists overcome their struggles and difficulties? | John Smith |
| Who was Pocahontas? | She was the daughter of an Indian Chief, Powhatan, who lived in the area Jamestown was built. She was curious about the English and befriended John Smith. She is later captured, turned into proper English lady, and take to England. She dies of disease |
| Who was Powhatan? | He was the chief of the Powhatan tribe, the local tribe near the colony of Jamestown. His daughter was Pocahontas. |
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kmcg282
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