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Chapter 3 Philosophy
Chapter 3 study guide q/a's
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what did the greek word hyle mean originally? and what philosophical meaning was the word hyle used to express? | wood; refers to matter or stuff. |
| what did the greek word morphe mean? | form; shape |
| so what is hylo-morphic composition? | that every physical object is composed of two principles matter/ form |
| what kind of real beings have hylo-morphic composition? | the body |
| for aristotle and st. thomas aquinas what is the hyle or matter in a human being? | the body, prime matter |
| for aristotle and st. thomas aquinas what is the morphe or form in a human being? | the soul |
| explain in full what aristotle mean by prime matter= | concept of matter w/o any for in it whatsoever= |
| is real prime matter intelligible or knowable why? | no, no form in it |
| how did aristotle arrive at the idea of prime matter? | by thinking analogically |
| what does intrinsic mean? | belonging naturally; essential |
| what does extrinsic mean | not part of the essential nature of someone or something coming from or operating from the outside |
| which of aristotles four causes are intrinsic to the physical thing of which they are causes | matter, form |
| which of aristotle's four causes are extrinsic to the physical thing of which they are causes | efficient cause everything but the goal |
| write a definition of the effecient or agent or movine cause. | efficient or movine or agent cause: the productive or transient action initiated by an agent by means of which form is imposed on matter |
| what does the greek word telos mean | goal or objective, finis |
| what does the final cause mean | the goal in the mind of the maker of having the product |
| what does the teleological cause mean | the goal in the mind of the maker of having the product |
| the _____ cause is the form or intelligible structure in the mind of the maker as a goal to be achieved | final |
| the _____ cause is the form or intelligible structure in the mind of the one who does the productive structure in the mind of the one who does the productive action as a guide to the productive action | efficient\ |
| name the four causes | material cause, formal cause, agent or moving or efficient cause, final cause |
| which is more basic a substantial form or an accidental form | substantial |
| is it necessary that a substance be in existence before it receives all its accidental forms? | no, accidents can supervene or come over a substance chronilogically after the substantial form is imposed or simultaneously with the imposition of the substantial form |
| name the three greatest philosophers of ancient Greece in chronological order | socrates, plato, aristotle |
| explain what it means for the human being to be an ontological mean | rational animal concious of death but not infinite like gods |
| when hamlet refers to the human being as a quintessence of dust to what inevitable fact of our existence is he alluding | death |
| explain why wonder in the sense of intellectual curiosity is an appropriately human trait | because wonder is inbetween omniscience and ignorance and humans are inbetween god and animals so therefore omnisicence is comparable to god and ignorance is comparable to animals and so therefore in the middle humans are equivalent to wonder etc. |
| identify/ explain gadfly and hemlock as used in connection with socrates | gadfly- someone who is annoying, hemlock- the poison socrates took at his death. |
| identify the sophists | self proclaimed wise men who taught the rich kids of greece how to argue with no regard for truth |
| how did different types of people with different characters respond to the public revelation of their ignorance | grateful if they sought truth, and angry if they were just pretending to be wise. |
| state the famous statement written by plato for socrates | the unexamined life is not worth living |
| explain what principle means in the contect of intellectual curiosity as an ongoing principle of genuine philosophizing | something that comes first, the origin the beginning source or cause |
| explain the difference between a principle that is not ongoing and a principle that is ongoing | if you stop doing it the action can't be fulfilled. ex: your parents not having to have sex to make you live is a principle that is not ongoing, having to breath is an ongoing principle. |
| explain the reciprocal relationship between intellectual curiosity and genuine philosophizing; in so doing address the issue of wether intellectual curiosity is an ongoing or a non-ongoing principle of philoisophizing | for philosophizing to continue intellectual curiosity is ongoing |
| who is the philosopher who, in regard to the beginning of philosophy, confused doubt with wonder. | rene descartes |
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