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Pharm - A. Rhinitis

Drugs for allergic rhinitis

QuestionAnswer
What type of allergic rhinitis are there? 1. Seasonal (hay fever or rose fever) - occurs in spring and fall in reaction to outdoor allergens 2. perennial - indoor allergic reactions to dust mite and pet dander
Allergic Rhinitis - signs and symptoms a) runny nose b) sneezing c) pruritus (itching) d) nasal congestion
Meds used for allergic rhinitis? (3 types! a) oral antihistamines b) intranasal glucocorticoids c) sympathomimetics
Antihistamines - oral a) best when used prophylactically (take it throughout the allergy season) b) first generation antihistamines (eg. dyphenhydramine) cause sedation; therefore use second generation (eg. fexofenadine [Allegra]) --> 12 yrs. old and older
Antihistamines - intranasal - two second generation antihistamines a) azelastine (Astelin, Astepro) b) olopatadine (Patanase) -SIDE EFFECTS: may complain of bitter taste
Intranasal Glucocorticoids Beclomethasone -anti-inflammatory -AE: drying of nasal mucosa, sore throat, headache, epistaxis
Intranasal Cromolyn Sodium -suppresses histamine release, therefore it is best used as prophylaxis -less efficient than glucocorticoids
Sympathomimetics (Decongestants) - pseudophedrine, phenylephrine -reduce nasal congestion by vasoconstriction in the nasal blood vessels (act on alpha-1 adrenergic receptors) -only relieve stuffiness (rhinorrhea, sneezing usually remain)
Sympathomimetics - Adverse Effects -AE: rebound congestion if used more than several days -AE: CNS excitation (restlessness, insomnia) -AE: hypertension (because it vasoconstricts)
Created by: csatlose
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