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ch8ushytrobinson
chapter8 forming a goverment
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Constitution | A set basic principles and laws that state the powers and duties of the goverment. Sig: One of the first signs of self governing |
Republicanism | Support for a system of goverment called a republic Sig: Citizens elect represenatives who are responsible to the people |
Limited Goverment | All leaders have to obey the laws and no one has total power |
Suffrage | Voting rights Sig: Only white men who owned propeerty could vote in most states. White men who payed taxes could vote in other states |
Ratification | Official approval Sig: All 13 states had to ratify the articles before the new national goverment could take effect |
Virginian Salute for Religious Freedom | Promoted the seperation of church and state in Virginia Sig: More states soon followed, by 1833 there were no state goverments that supported an official church |
Articles of Confederation | A new confederation congress would become the central national goverment. Each state would have 1 vote in the congress. The national goverment did not have a president or a court system. Sig: Could not force the states to provide money or troops |
Land Ordinance of 1787 | Set up a system for surveying and dividing the public territory. Land was split into townships of 36 square miles. Sig: One lot was set aside for a school, with another 4 saved for Revolutionary War veterans |
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | Sig: Created the Northwest Territory |
Northwest Territory | Included the areas of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, And Wisconsin. Sig: When the population of a territory reached 60,000 its settlers could draft their own constitution. The people could ask congress for permission to join the union as a state |
Tariffs | taxes on imports or exports. Most states did not cooperate when passing tarrifs. Each only looked to improve their own trade. Sig: American merchants began looking for new markets such as: China, France, and the Netherlands. |
Interstate Commerce | Trade between two or more states. Sig: Made trade difficult for more merchants whose businesses crossed state lines. |
Inflation | Increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money. Congress had no power to stop staes from issuing more paper money. Sig: Congress could do very little to stop inflation |
Debtors | People who owe money. Sig: Debtors could pay back their debts with paper money worth less than the coins they had borrowed |
Creditors | People who lend money. Sig: Creditors were upset by the fact that they were being paid back with worthless money. |
Depression | A period of low economic activity combined with a rise in unemployment. |
Shay's Rebellion | In September 1786, faarmers in three western Massachusetts countries began a revolt. Bands of angry citizens armed with pitchforks and other farm equipment closed down courts. Sig: With no courts no ones property could be taken |
Daniel Shays | Leader of Shays's rebellion. Sig: Persuaded many citicens to join the cause. |
Popular Sovereignty | The idea that political authority belongs to the people. |
Federalism | The sharing of power between a central goverment and the states that make up a country. Sig: The federal goverment has the power to enforce its laws in the states. |
Legislative Branch | Reponsible for proposing and passing laws. Made up of two houses, the Senate and represenatives. |
Executive Branch | Includes the president and the departments that help run the goverment. Sig: Makes sure its laws are carried out. |
Judicial Branch | Made up of all the national courts. Responsible for interpreting laws, punishing criminals, and settling disputes between states. |
Checks and Balances | Kept any branch of goverment from becoming to powerful. The president has the power to veto, or reject laws that congress passes. Congress can overide the presidents veto with 2/3 majority vote. |
Constitutional Conventiion | Held in May 1787 in Philadelphia's state house. Twelve states sent a total of 55 delegates to the convention. Rhode Island refused to send a delegation. |
James Madison | One of the most important to the convention. Took good notes and joined in many discussions during the convention. Sig: Wrote most of the Virginian Plan |
Virginia Plan | Offered a new federal constitution that would give sovereignty, or supreme power, to the central goverment. Sig: Divided the national goverment into three branches: Executive, Judicial, and Legislative. |
William Paterson | Sig: Presented the New Jersey Plan |
New Jersey Plan | Proposed keeping congress's structure the same. Called for a unicameral, or one house, legislature. Each state would have an equal number of votes, giving the smaller states an equal voice in the national goverment. |
Great Compromise | Every state would have an equal vote in the upper house of the legislature. this would satisfy the New York Plan. In the lower house, each state would have a number of represenatives based on its population. this would satisfy the Virginian Plan. |
Three-Fifths Compromise | Each slave would, in effect, be counted as Three- Fifths of a person when determinig representation. Nthrn delegates agreed to wait 20 years before getting rid of the slave trade. Sthrn delegates agreed to insisting the laws be passed in a Two-Thirds vote |
Amendments | Official changes, corrections, or additions. |