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AP Human Geo Unit 7
AP Human Geography Human environment and globalization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| assembly line production | A process in which finished products are turned out in a mechanically efficient, though impersonal, manner |
| Core periphery model | Higher wages and prices are found at the core while the lack of employment in the periphery keeps wages low there. The result may well be a balance of payments crisis at the periphery |
| footloose industry | is a general term for an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources |
| Dependency Theory | a strucuralist theory that offers a critique of the modernization model of development. political and economic relations between countries have controlled and limit the extent to which regions can develop |
| Development | a strucuralist theory that offers a critique of the modernization model of development. political and economic relations between countries have controlled and limit the extent to which regions can develop |
| Energy Consumption | The use of energy as a source of heat or power or as a raw material input to a manufacturing process |
| Foreign direct investment | investing in United States businesses by foreign citizens (often involves stock ownership of the business) |
| Gender | the wide set of characteristics that are seen to distinguish between male and female entities, extending from one's biological sex to, in humans, one's social role |
| Gross domestic product | The total value of all goods and services produced within a country during a given year |
| Gross national product | total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a given year. It includes all goods and services produced by corporations and individuals. |
| Human Development Index | an indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by the UN combing incme literacy educatio and life expectancy |
| Levels of development | per capita levels of income, the structure of the economy, and various social indicators are typically used as measures for determining whether countries are developing or developed. |
| deglomeration | The movement of activity, usually industry, away from areas of concentration. |
| Neocolonialism | The entrenchment of the colonial order, such as trade and investment under a new guise. |
| Physical Quality of Life Index | is an attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country |
| Purchasing power parity | The theory that, in the long run, identical products and services in different countries should cost the same in different countries Read more: http://www.investorwords.com/3960/purchasing_power_parity.html#ixzz15xDnE6gj |
| Rostow, W.W. | He wrote in defense of free enterprise economics, particularly in developing nations. famous especially for writing the book The Stages of Economic Growth: A non-communist manifesto which became a classic text in several fields of social sciences |
| Stages of Growth model | is a theoretical model for the growth of information technology (IT) in a business or similar organization |
| Technology Gap | The presence in a country of a technology that other countries do not have, so that it can produce and export a good whose cost might otherwise be higher than abroad |
| Technology transfer | The sharing of technological information through education and training; The use of a concept or product from one technology to solve a problem in an unrelated one |
| Third world | underdeveloped and developing countries of Asia and Africa and Latin America collectively |
| World Systems Theory | is a view of the recent five centuries of world history, historical and current applications of some, but by no means all, tenets of Marxism as well as ideas by a range of theorists from Adam Smith to Max Weber, to studying international relations |
| Acid Rain | rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water |
| Agglomeration | a process involoving the clustering or concentrating of people that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled labor pools and tech and finacial amenities |
| Agglomeration economies | savings which arise from the concentration of industries in urban areas and their location close to linked activities. A car factory attracts component suppliers to locate close by, saving on transport costs |
| Air pollution | is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment, into the atmosphere |
| Auluminum industry | aluminum business: manufacturers of aluminum considered as a group |
| Fordism | various social theories about production and related socio-economic phenomena. It has varying but related meanings in different fields, as well as for Marxist and non-Marxist scholars |
| Bid rent theory | is a geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate changes as the distance from the Central Business District (CBD) decreases |
| Break of bulk point | The point at which a cargo is unloaded and broken up into smaller units prior to delivery, minimizing transport costs |
| Bulk (weight) gaining industry | An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a larger volume than the inputs |
| Bulk (weight) reducing industry | An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs |
| cottage industry | A usually small-scale industry carried on at home by family members using their own equipment. |
| cummulative Causation | The unfolding of events connected with a change in the economy. |
| growth pole | A point of economic growth. Poles are usually urban locations, benefiting from agglomeration economies, and should interact with surrounding areas spreading prosperity from the core to the periphery |
| Just in Time production | When parts are delivered just before they are needed in the process of producing something |
| market orientation | Industry places itself near customer due to high financial cost of the product. |
| technopole | A global, rather than local, growth pole |
| Threshold | is the minimum number of people necessary before a particular good or service can be provided in an area. |
| Range | The distance that interested consumers, on average, will travel to obtain a given good or service |
| weight gaining industry | an industry that manufactures a large-sized product from small-sized raw materials |
| weight losing industry | an industry that manufactures a small-sized product from large-sized raw materials |
| substitution principle | is focused on the substitution of a product, service or process to another that is more efficient or beneficial |
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