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KrislynnPharm exam 6
Pharmacology exam #6
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Topical Corticosteriod: Use | Exerts localized anti-inflammatory activity to reduce itching, redness, and swelling. |
Topical Corticosteroid: Adverse Reaction | Localized reaction; burning, itching, irritation, redness, dryness of the skin, allergic contact dermatitis, and secondary infection. |
Topical Corticosteroid: How to apply | Area washed with soap and warm water prior to application, usually applied sparingly, area can be left exposed or covered w/a dressing. Apply 1-4x daily according to directions. |
Topical Corticosteroids: name of drugs | Dexamethasone, Fluocinonide, Hydrocortisone, Triamcinolone. |
Administration of ophthalmic solutions | Use warm solution, administer w/pt supine or sitting up w/head back, have pt look up, place drop in conjunctival sac, have pt blink to distribute the medication |
Administration of otic solutions | Position pt w/affected side up, straighten ear canal up and back on adult, children under 3 pull down and back, warm solution slightly, Mineral oil is sometimes used in advance to sofen wax prior to irrigating, instill drops into the ear canal. |
Collagenase(santyl) | for debriding chronic dermal ulcers and severely burned areas; apply daily. Apply ONLY to affected tissue and not to healthy tissue. |
Pyridium | A dye that exers a topical analgesic effect on the lining of the urinary tract. Caused red-orange discoloration of the urine. cause yellowing of the skin and sclera. Give after meals to prevent GI upset. |
Topical Antivirals: Uses | Used to inhibit viral activity. Initial episodes of herpes simplex virus (prodromal phase.) |
Topical antivirals: Application | Directly on lesions to speed up recovery |
Topical Antivirals: Medications | Acyclovir (Zovirax), Docosanol (Abreva- for cold sores, Speeds up healing.) |
Administration of antacids | They do not coat the stomach lining. Beause of possibiliy of an antacid interfering with the activity of other oral drugs, no oral drug should be admin w/in 1-2 hours of an antacid. |
Antiemetics: Uses | Used to treat and prevent nausea and vomiting |
Antiemetics: Adverse Reactions | Most common is drowsiness. |
Antiemetics: Drugs | Chlorpromazine, Prochlorperazine, Promethazine, Scopolamine |
Stool Softeners: Uses | Promote water retention in the fecal mass and soften the stool to prevent straining |
Stool Softeners: Administration | Give with a full glass of water |
Stool softeners: Drugs | Docusate (DDS), Colace, Surfac. |
Administration of antidiarrheals | Ordered to be given after each loose bowel movement up to 6 times/day. Nurse needs to inspect each bowel movement before making a decision to administer the drug. (Becomes formed don't give again) |
Allopurinol (Zyloprim): Uses | Reduces production of uric acid, decreases serum uric acid levels and deposit of urate crystals in joints. |
Allopurinol (Zyloprim): Adverse Reactions | may result in skin rash which may precede a serious adverse reaction, such as Stevens Johnson syndrome. REPORT ANY RASH TO THE DOCTOR. Skin loss from rash may lead to dehydration, infection or death. |
Administration of bone resorption inhibitors | Serum calcium levels monitored before, during & after therapy. Supp calcium & vitamin D if dietary intake inadequate. instruct pt to take drug upon arising in A.M. w/6-8oz water while pt in upright position. Remain upright for 30mins after taking med. |
Bone Resorption -Alendronate(Fosomax) instructions | Daily or weekly doses. Contraindicated pts w/hypocalcemia. |
Bone Resorption -Etidronate(Didronel) instructions | Not taken w/in 2 hrs of food, vitamin and mineral supplements, or antacids. Taken once a day. |
Bone Resorption -Ibandronate(Boniva) instructions | Daily and monthly oral dosing available. IV admin for dose once every 3 months. |
Bone Resorption -Risedronate(Actonel) instructions | Contraindicated in pts with hypocalcemia. Taken orally in daily or weekly doses. |
Bone Resorption -Zoledronic acid(Zometa, Reclast) instructions | Zometa-Given IV every 3-4 wks, given for hypercalcemia associated w/cancer. Reclast-given IV once a year for postmenopausal osteoporosis, and Paget's disease. |