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224 Funds Ch 39
Skin Integrity / Wound Healing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The goal of this dressing is to remove exodate by letting the dressing dry once the saline has drawn out the exodate. | Wet - to - dry dressing |
| According to our textbook, this age group is more succeptible to burns. | toddlers / preschoolers |
| The most common skin disorder of adolescence age is ______. | Acne |
| ______ are horny, slow-growing proliferations of the keratinizing cells of the epidermis. | keratoses |
| pigmentation changes that occur on sun-exposed areas. | senile lentigines aka age spots or liver spots |
| the most common cause of leg and foot ulcers are secondary to ______ ________. | venous insufficiency |
| venous dermatitis results from: _________ _____________ ________ secondary to venous insufficiency or structural alterations in the legs. | impaired venous return |
| adequate vitamins to prevent abnormal skin changes: | Vitamins A, B6, C, K, Niacin, and riboflavin |
| Skin that is continually exposed to moisture softens and becomes ____________. | macerated |
| Treatment for allergic reactions focuses on: | eliminating exposure to the allergen, and may include lubrication of the skin and appliction of topical medications |
| _________________ & __________________ organisms are the most common causes of bacterial skin infections. | streptococcal and staphylococcal organisms |
| the most common bacterial skin infection is _________. | impetigo |
| __________ fungal infections often occur when normal body flora is disrupted secondary to antibiotic therapy or immunosuppression. | candidal |
| _________ is a non malignant, chornic disorder that greatly increases the rate of skin production: the normal epidermal turnover rate of 14 - 20 days accelerates to 3-4 days. often found on elbows, knees, scalp & soles of feet. | psoriasis |
| inflammatory bowel disease, pemphigus, and peripheral vascular disease are examples of diseases that, during exacerbations, can produce _______ _________ ________. | impaired skin integrity |
| results from skin rubbing against a hard surface. | abrasion |
| any open wound or cut | laceration |
| a wound made when a sharp, pointed object penetrates tissue. | puncture |
| the wound's _________ influences healing time, degree of pain, probability of complications, and presence of any tubes, drains, or suction devices. | severity |
| an _______ surgical openings in the abdominal wall that allow part of an organ onto the skin. | ostomy |
| a _________ partial-thickness burn is pinkish or red with no blistering. | superficial partial-thickness (aka 1st degree burn) |
| ________ to ________ partial thickness burns may be pink, red, pale ivory, or light yellow-brown. they are usually moist with blisters. | moderate to deep partial thickness (aka 2nd degree burn) |
| a _____-________ burn may vary from brown or black to cherry red or pearly white. they appear dry and leathery. | full-thickness (aka 3rd degree burn) |
| the most common type of burns. | thermal burns |
| burns caused by contact with various heat sources, including flames, hot liquids, hot surfaces, and steam. | thermal burns |
| the type of burns that are caused by contact with noxious substances | chemical burns |
| the severity of an _________ burn depends on the current's type and voltage, the pathway the current takes through the body, and duration of contact. | electrical |
| these burns occur when a person is accidentally exposed to radiation or when radiation is used as a form of therapy. | radiation |
| ________ occurs when two surfaces rub together | friction |
| ______ force occurs when tissue layers move on each other, causing blood vessels to stretch as they pass through the subcutaneous tissue. | shear |
| 4 broad categories of wounds: | acute / chronic / open / closed |
| 4 descriptors of skin wounds: | abrasion / puncture / laceration / contusion |
| a closed wound; bleeding in underlying tissues from blunt blow (bruising) | contusion |
| 4 classifications of surgical wounds: | clean, clean - contaminated, contaminated, infected |
| the major factor in ulcer formation is ______. | pressure |
| a _______ ________ is a localized area of tissue destruction caused by compression of soft tissue over a bony prominence and an external surface for a prolonged period of time. | pressure ulcer |
| the coccyx, ischial tuberosities, heels, and trochanters are common sites for _____ ______. | pressure ulcers |
| stage ___ pressure ulcers are intact skin with non-blanchable redness of a localized area. | stage 1 |
| stage ___ pressure ulcers are partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed, without slough. | stage 2 |
| stage ___ pressure ulcers are identified by full thickness tiusse loss. subcutaneous fat may be visible, but bone, tendon or muscle are not exposed. | stage 3 |
| stage ____ are pressure ulcers are classified as full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle. | stage 4 |
| itching | pruritus |
| general term for temporary skin eruption | rash |
| a ______ involves the loss of structure or function of normal tissue. also described by their shape/arrangement/distribution. | lesions |
| wounds heal through a systematic, four phase process: ________, _______, _________, and ________. | hemostasis, inflammatory, proliferate, maturation |
| this phase of wound healing begins immediately upon wounding with the onset of vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation and clot formation | hemostasis phase |
| this phase of wound healing lasts up to 3 days, and is marked by phagocytosis as the body works to clean the wound | inflammatory phase |
| in this phase, the epidermal cells preproduce and migrate across the surface of the wound (epithelialization). * AS SEEN IN PARTIAL THICKNESS WOUNDS* | proliferative phase |
| in this phase of wound healing, granulation tissue develops. *AS SEEN IN FULL THICKNESS WOUNDS* | proliferative phase |
| ______ can be identified by its effects of pulling the wound inward, leading to a decrease in depth and dimension of the wound. | contracture |
| there are 3 types of wound healing: | primary, secondary, tertiary |
| in this type of wound healing, the wound closes with minimal intervention | primary |
| in this type of wound healing, the wound closes by contraction & re-epitheliation. | secondary |
| this type of wound healing is also called "delayed primary closure," and is where the wound closes when there is initial debridement and sutures or other measures used. | tertiary |
| nutritional requirements increase with pyhsiologic stress, which may contribute to _______ deficiencies | protein |
| vitamins A, C, E, protein, arginine, zinc, and water are important in _________ healing. (carbohydrates, fats and glucose also play a role). | wound |
| when hemoglobin levels are reduced by more than ___%, such as in severe anemia, oxygenation is reduced and tissue repair is altered | 15 |
| true or false: immunosupressant drugs depress the natural defenses against infection and mask the inflammatory process. | true |
| true or false: with age, changes occur in the clotting process / inflammatory response | true |
| because adipose tissue is relatively avascular, wound healing may be compramised in ______ patients | obese |
| smokers will have decreased levels of ________, which cause vasoconstriction and impaired tissue oxygenation. | hemoglobin |
| description used for when the skin's edges comes together nicely to heal. | well-approximated |
| type of medication given to decrease potential thrombus formation | anticoagulant |
| _______ triggers the release of catecholamines, causing vasoconstriction | stress |
| true or false: a wound embedded with debris from a traumatic accident will heal faster than a surgical incision made with strict asepsis technique. | false |
| the range for a wound's pH: | 7.0 - 7.6 |
| localized collection of blood | hematoma |
| total or partial disruption in wound edges | dehiscence |
| protrustion of viscera through an abdominal wound opening | evisceration |
| an abnormal tube-like passageway that forms between two organs or from one organ to outside the body | fistula |
| 6 things we should look for apon inspecting the skin: | color / vascularity / turgor / mobility / texture / presence or absence of lesions (if there are, note size etc) |
| wound type, location, size, classification, base, and drainiage are all things we should look for during our _________. | assessment |
| true or false: when documenting the wound drainage, you should try and quantify the # of dressings that were saturated & the # of times you changed it. | true |
| pale yellow, watery,drainage (like blister fluid). | serous |
| bloody drainage from an acute laceration | sanguineous |
| drainage that is pale pink-yellow, thin, and contains plasma and red cells | serosanguineous |
| drainage that contains white cells and microorganisms and occurs when infection is present (*tunneling*) | purulent |
| everyone except infants younger than 6 months should use sunscreen with a minimum of ___SPF daily | 15 |
| clients should use tepid (not hot) water and gently pat skin dry to relieve _______. | pruritus |
| the removal of foreign material or dead tissue from a wound to discourage the growth of microogranisms and promote wound healing | debridement |
| a drainage management device that is a hollow, fat rubber tube placed directly into incision to allow fluid to drain through capillary action | penrose drain |
| a drainage management device that is placed in a vascular cavity where blood drainage is expected after surgery | hemovac |
| a drainage management device that permits drainage to collect in a bulblike device | jackson-pratt (JP) drain |
| _______ compresses are used to relieve swelling and inflammation | cold |
| ______ compresses are used to improve circulation and promote suppuration | warm |
| a _____ ______ is used after rectal or perineal surgery or after vaginal delivery to decrease inflammation and discomfort | sitz bath |
Created by:
amy.pielack@my.chamberlain.edu
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