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Emergency Chapter 69
McClellan Test 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fine, red, papular rash that occurs on the torso, neck, and in skinfolds that is caused by sweat ducts that are obstructed and inflamed so no sweating occurs. | heat rash |
| Associated with prolonged standing and heat exposure. Clinical manifestations include: dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, and syncope. "Elderly are at greatests risk due to inadequate vasomotor tone" | heat syncope |
| Swelling in hands, feet and ankles due to prolonged standing or sitting; resolves in a few days with rest, elevation, and support hose. | heat edema |
| TRUE OR FALSE. Diuretics are recommended for heat edema. | false |
| Severe cramps in large muscle groups fatigued by heavy work. | heat cramps |
| Patients who have heat cramps should avoid strenous activity for ____hours after discharge. | 12 |
| Patients with heat cramps should have proper intake of ___________replacement during strenous exercise. | electrolyte |
| TRUE OR FALSE. Heat cramps resolve rapidly with rest and replacement of water and sodium. | True |
| Prolonged exposure to heat for hours or days can cause______. | heat exhaustion |
| Fatigue, lightheadedness, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, feeling of impending doom, tachypnea, hypotension, tacycardia, elevated body temp, dilated pupils, mild confusion, ashen color, and profuse diaphoresis are all clinical manifestations of what? | heat exhaustion |
| Treatment of heat exhaustion begins with placement of the patient in a______ ______ and removal of________ ________. | cool area / constrictive clothing |
| Fluid and electrolyte replacement(oral or IV), mosit sheet over patient to increase evaporative heat loss, and hospitalization or other treatments for ________ _________. | heat exhaustion |
| Are salt tablets recommended or heat exhaustion? | no |
| What is the most serious form of heat stress that results from failure of the hypothalmic thermoregulatory processes and is considered a medical emergency. | heat stroke |
| Core temp > 105, altered metation, absence of perspiration, circulatory collapse, skin that is hot, dry, and ashen, hallucinations, loss of muscle coordination, combativeness, cerebral edema and hemorrhage are all clinical manifestations of _____ ____. | heat stroke |
| Who is at greater risk for heat stroke? | elderly, infants and children up to four years, obese, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease |
| What medication is given IV for shivering during a heat stroke? | thorazine |
| What class of medications are given for cerebral edema? | corticosteroids |
| For urine output <0.5 ml/kg/hr give what medication? | mannitol |
| Rapid reduction of core temp, 100% oxygen, IV fluids 1-2 L Over 1st 4 hours, Ice packs, cool water mists, and cooling blankets are are treatments for _____ _______. | heat stroke |
| TRUE OR FALSE. Lactated ringers is recommended for heat stroke patients. | false |
| TRUE OR FALSE. Ice packs, alcohol rubs and antipyretics are recommended for heat stroke patients. | false |
| Rare, autosomal dominant metabolic disease that is caused by a defect in hypermetabolism of skeletal muscles. | malignant hyperthermia |
| Muscle contractures, hyperthermia, hypoxemia, lactic acidosis, hemodynamic and cardiac alterations are all clinical manifestations of ______ _______. | malignant hyperthermia |
| Prompt administration of what medication for malignant hyperthermia? | dantrium |
| Succinylcholine with volatile inhalation agents seems to be the primary trigger of what? | malignant hyperthermia |
| Stage of hypothermia? Temperature 90-95, shiviering, lethargy, confusion, rational to irrational behavior, minor heart rate changes. | mild |
| Stage of hypotherma? Temperature 87-90, rigidity, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate, blood pressure obtainable only by doppler, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, and hypovolemia. | moderate |
| Stage of hypothermia? Temperatir <87, person appears dead, reflexes absent, pupils fixed and dilated, bradycardia, asystole, v-fib. | profound |
| Core body temperature <95 | hypothermia |
| Heat lossess exceed heat production during? | hypothermia |
| Treatment of _____ includes rewarming patient, correcting dehydration and acidosis, maintaining patent airway, and treating cardiac arrhythmias? | hypothermia |
| Discontinue rewarming when core temperature reaches___. | 93 |
| Do not increase temperature more than ___ degree per hour | 1 |
| Discharge teaching for a patient that has suffered from hypothermia includes carring what kind of foods? | high carbohydrate |
| ______frosbite involves skin and subcutaneous tissue, usually the ears, nose, fingers, and toes. Patient may complain of tingling, numbness, or burning sensation. | superficial |
| What kind of shot do we give a patient who has suffered from frostbite? | tetanus |
| _____frostbite involves muscles, bone, and tendons. | deep |
| Interventions for ______ ______ include removing jewelry and constrictive clothing, elevating affected area, warm soaks, avoiding heavy blankets and clothing, administering analgesics, and tetanus shot. | superficial frostbite |
| Deep frostbite gradually progresses to _____. | gangrene |
| Treatment of ____ ____ includes parenteral analgesia, amputation, elevation of injured part, and prophylactic antibiotics. | deep frostbite |
| 3rd leading cause of death with 40% of victims < 5 y.o. | drowning |
| What is the main reason for drowning or near drowning in adolescents? | alcohol involvement |
| Death from suffocation after submersion in water or other medium fluid. | Drowning |
| Cold water, vagal stimulation, and arrhytmias are all associated with ____ _____. | immersion syndrome |
| Survival from potential drowning? | near drowning |
| ____ water is hypotonic and absorbed into the circulatory system. | fresh |
| ____ water is hypertonic and draws fluid from the body into the alveoli | salt |
| Ineffective breathing, dyspnea, respiratory distress, respiratory arrest, crackle, rhonchi, cough with pink-frothy sputum, tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, panic exhaustion, coma, cervica spine injury and hypothermia? | near drowning |
Created by:
Christy_gayle05
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