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Med Term Test 4 SFC
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pica | compulsive eating of non food items: clay, ice; often a result of iron deficiency |
| schizophrenia | psychotic disorder; gross distortions of reality, disturbance of language and communication, withdrawal from social interaction, disorganization & fragmentation of thought, perception, and emotional reaction |
| somatoform disorders | characterized by physical symptoms for which no known cause exists |
| posttraumatic stress disorder | acute emotional response to a traumatic event perceived as life threatening or severe emotional stress (plane crash, combat, abuse); symptoms: anxiety, sleep probs, nightmares, difficulty concentrating, depression |
| panic attack | episode of sudden onset of acute anxiety, unpredictably occurring, feelings of acute apprehension, dyspnea, dizziness, sweating, chest pain, depersonalization, paresthesia, fear of dying, loss of mind or control |
| bipolar disorder | major psychological disorder of mood; manifested by manic and depressive episodes that may alternate or may occur simultaneously |
| anxiety disorder | emotional disorder characterized by feelings of apprehension, tension, uneasiness arising from anticipation of unreal or imagined danger |
| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | disorder of learning and behavioral problems; marked inattention, distractability, impulsiveness, hyperactivity |
| anorexia nervosa | eating disorder characterized by disturbed perception of body image resulting in failure to maintain body weight, intensive fear of gaining weight, pronounced desire for thinness, and amenorrhea |
| autism | mental disorder; onset during infancy or childhood; preoccupation with subjective mental activity, inability to interact socially, impaired communication, repetitive body movements |
| bulimia nervosa | eating disorder; uncontrolled binge eating followed by purging |
| major depression | mood disturbance; feelings of sadness, despair, discouragement, hopelessness, lack of joy, altered sleep patterns, difficulty with decision making and daily function |
| obsessive compulsive disorder | disorder of intrusive, unwanted thoughts that result in tendency to perform repetitive acts or rituals, usually as a means of releasing tension or anxiety |
| afferent | conveying toward a center (nerves carry impulses toward CNS) |
| ataxia | lack of muscle coordination |
| cognitive | pert. to mental processes of comprehension, judgment, memory, and reason |
| coma | state of profound unconsciousness |
| concussion | jarring or shaking that results in an injury; brain: caused by slight or severe head injury; symptoms are vertigo, headache, loss of consciousness |
| conscious | awake, alert, aware of one's surroundings |
| convulsion | sudden, involuntary contrxn of a group of muscles (seizure) |
| disorientation | state of mental confusion as to time, place, or identity |
| dysarthria | inability to use speech that is distinct and connected b/c of a loss of muscle control after damage to PNS or CNS |
| efferent | conveying away from center |
| incoherent | unable to express one's thoughts or ideas in an orderly, intelligible manner |
| paraplegia | paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord |
| seizure | sudden attack with an involuntary series of contractions (convulsion) |
| shunt | tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid |
| unconsciousness | state of being unaware of surroundings and incapable of responding to stimuli as a result of injury, shock, or illness |
| computed tomography of the brain (CT scan) | use of compy to produce series of brain tissue images at any desired depth; noninvasive, painless, useful in dx of brain tumors |
| evoked potential studies (EP) | group of dx tests; measure changes and responses in brain waves elicited by visual, auditory, or somatosensory stimuli |
| lumbar puncture (LP) | insertion of a needles into subarachnoid space usu b/w 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae |
| magnetic resonance imaging of the brain or spine (MRI) | noninvasive procedure; produces sectional images of soft tissues of brain and spine thru a strong magnetic field; uses no radiation; used to visualize tumors, edema, MS, and herniated disks |
| positron emission tomography of the brain (PET scan) | imaging technique with radioactive substance that produces sectional imaging of the brain to examine blood flow and metabolic activity; images projected on a viewing screen |
| Alzheimer disease (AD) | dz charac by early senility, confusion, loss of recognition of persons or familiar surroundings, restlessness, & impaired memory |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | progressive muscle atrophy caused by hardening of nerve tissue on lateral columns of the SC (Lou Gehrig dz) |
| Bell palsy | paralysis of muscles on one side of the face, usu temporary |
| cerebral aneurysm | aneurysm in the cerebrum |
| cerebral embolism | embolus lodges in cerebral artery, causing sudden blockage of blood supply to brain tissue: type of ischemic stroke; common cause is atrial fibrillation |
| cerebral palsy (CP) | condition of lack of muscle control and partial paralysis, caused by brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after |
| dementia | cognitive impairment with a loss of intellectual brain function; not normal aging; several causes; difficulty in performing complex tasks, reasoning, learning and retaining new info, orientation, word finding, and behavior |
| epilepsy | disorder; main symptom is recurring seizures |
| hydrocephalus | increased amt of CSF in the brain ventricles; can cause craniomegaly in infants |
| intracerebral hemorrhage | bleeding into the brain as a result of a ruptured blood vessel w/i the brain; symptoms vary w/ location and often develop suddenly: include dyspnea, dysphagia, aphasia, diminished LOC, hemiparesis; type of ischemic stroke; assoc w/ high BP |
| multiple sclerosis (MS) | degenerative dz charac by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord |
| Parkinson disease (PD) | chronic degenerative dz of the CNS; symptoms: resting tremors of hands & feet, shuffling gait, rigidity, & expressionless face; usu occurs after 50 yrs |
| sciatica | inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that travels from the thigh thru the leg to the foot and toes; caused by injury, infection, arthritis, herniated disk, prolonged pressure on the nerve from long-term sitting |
| shingles | viral dz caused by herpes zoster that affects peripheral nerves & causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves |
| stroke | occurs when there is an interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of O2 and nutrients; cells may be damaged or die w/i minutes; speech, memory, movement affected |
| subarachnoid hemorrhage | bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel just outside the brain that rapidly fills the space b/w the brain and skull with blood; intense, sudden headache, N,V, and neck pain; type of hemorrhagic stroke |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time; symptoms similar to stroke, but temporary and outcome is complete recovery; often a warning sign of eventual stroke, however |
| esthesi/o | sensation, sensitivity, feeling |
| meningi/o; mening/o | meninges |
| ment/o | mind |
| mon/o | one, single |
| myel/o | spinal cord |
| phas/o | speech |
| poli/o | gray matter |
| quadr/i | four |
| radic/o, radicul/o | nerve root |
| neur/o | nerve |
| rhiz/o | nerve root |
| -iatrist | specialist, physician |
| -ictal | seizure, attack |
| -paresis | slight paralysis |
| Causes of hemorrhagic stroke | the result of bleeding caused by: 1. intracerebral hemorrhage 2. subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| Causes of ischemic stroke | the result of a blocked blood vessel caused by: 1. cerebral thrombosis 2. cerebral embolism |
| Funtion of the nervous and endocrine systems | regulating and controlling activities of the other body systems |
| Brain | major portion of the CNS |
| cerebrum | largest portion of the brain, divided into left and right hemispheres; controls the skeletal muscles, interprets general senses, contains centers for sight and hearing; site of intellect, memory, and emotional reactions |
| ventricles | spaces w/i brain that contain CSF, which flows thru the subarachnoid space around the brain and SC |
| cerebellum | located under posterior portion of the cerebrum; function: to assist in the coordination of skeletal muscles & to maintain balance; a.k.a. hindbrain |
| brainstem | connects brain to the spinal cord; site where ten of the 12 cranial nerves originate |
| pons | "bridge"; connects the cerebrum w/ the cerebellum and brainstem; part of brainstem |
| medulla oblongata | located b/w pons and SC; contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, muscles in blood vessel walls (which assist in determining BP); part of brainstem |
| midbrain | superior portion of brainstem |
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | clear, colorless fluid in ventricles that flows thru subarachnoid space in brain and SC; cushions brain and SC from shock, transports nutrients, clears metabolic waste |
| spinal cord | passes thru the vertebral canal extending from the medulla oblongata to the level of 2nd lumbar vertebra; conducts nerve impulses to & from brain and initiates reflex action to sensory info w/o input from the brain |
| meninges | 3 layers of membrane that cover brain and spinal cord |
| dura mater | tough outer layer of the meninges |
| arachnoid | delicate middle layer of meninges; loosely attached to pia mater by weblike fingers, allowing for subarachnoid space |
| pia mater | thin inner layer of the meninges |
| nerve | cordlike structure that carries impulses from one part of the body to another; 12 pairs of cranial; 31 pairs spinal |
| ganglion | group of nerve cell bodies located outside CNS |
| glia | cells that form support and nourish nervous tissue; some assist in CSF secretion and others assist w/ phagocytosis |
| Types o Glia | astroglia, oligodengroglia, microglia |
| neuron | conducts nerve impulses to carry out the function of the nervous system; cannot be replaced, if destroyed |
| Cranial nerves (I-VI) | I Olfactory II Optic III Oculomotor IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens |
| Cranial nerves (VII-XII) | VII Facial VIII Vestibulocochlear IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Accessory XII Hypoglossal |
| gli/o | glia, gluey substance |
| dur/o | hard, dura mater |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation (burning, prickling, tingling; often in the extremeties; caused by nerve damage or peripheral neuropathy) |
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2049796
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