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Semester First Exam
First
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What year was Jamestown founded? | 1607 |
| What year was Plymouth founded? | 1620 |
| What was the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses? | First Representatives assembly in the colonies |
| A business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit. | Joint stock company |
| A person who sold his or her labor in exchange for passage to America. | indentured servant |
| A member of a group, who escape from England because of bad treatment by King James I, that settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 and sought to reform the practices of the Church of England. | Puritan |
| The founder of Pennsylvania; a colony of religious freedom. A Quaker landowner who received a large piece of land from Charles II because he owned the Penn family money. | William Penn |
| A written contract, issued by a government, giving the holder the right to establish a colony. | charter |
| First Representative Assembly in the American colonies created in 1619. | House of Burgesses |
| A set of laws that were established in 1639 by a Puritan congregation (Thomas Hooker) who settled in the Connecticut Valley and that expanded the idea of representative government. | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
| A person who believed all people should live in peace and harmony; accepted different religions and ethnic groups. | Quaker |
| First English Settlement in North American established in 1607. | Jamestown |
| A member of the group that rejected the Church of England, sailed to America, and founded the Plymouth Colony in 1620. | Pilgrim |
| A colony ruled by governors appointed by a king. | Royal Colony |
| A soldier and adventurer who tool control Jamestown in 1608. He helped Jamestown grow and to make sure the colonists worked, he used this method: “He that will not work, shall not eat”. | John Smith |
| An agreement in 1620 established by pilgrims, who sailed to America on the Mayflower and landed on Plymouth that was outside the limits of the Virginia Company, to obey laws upon the good of the colony. It helped set the idea of self-government. | Mayflower Compact |
| A colony with a single owner. | Proprietary colony |
| The founder of Georgia; made Georgia as a refuge for debtors. | James Oglethorpe |
| What were the seven motives for European exploration of North America? | Curiosity, wealth, fame, national pride, religion, foreign goods, and faster, cheaper trade routes |
| What were the motives for English colonization of North America? | Land – better soil for crops, gold/money, gory, god, over-population, power, bad governor |
| What is the significance of the years 1607 and 1620? | 1607 – Jamestown was established 1620 – Plymouth was established |
| What is the importance of the Magna Carta, House of Burgesses, Mayflower Compact and Fundamental Orders of Connecticut? | They all established form of government that help the colonies and its colonists grow |
| A colonial region that ran along the Appalachian Mountains through the far western part of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. | Backcountry |
| Farming that can only produces enough food for the family with a small additional amount for trade. | Subsistence farming |
| A trading route with three stops: New England import rum and iron to Africa. Africa trade it for slaves and import the slaves to West Indies where they exchanged it for sugar and molasses and import it to New England. | Triangle Trade |
| A series of laws passed in 1651, to ensure that England made money from its colonies' trade. | Navigation acts |
| Illegally import or export goods. | Smuggling |
| A crop that sold for money rather than for personal use. | Cash crop |
| A variety of people. | Diversity |
| A plant grown in the Southern colonies that yields a deep blue dye. | Indigo |
| A worker hired by a planter to watch over and direct the work of slaves. | Overseer |
| A mountain range running from Alabama into Canada. | Appalachian Mountains |
| What were the economic reasons for the establishment of the 13 colonies? | Land – soil, weather, climate |
| What were the social reasons for the establishment of the 13 colonies? | Religion, better life style |
| How did the England try to control the colonies and their trade? | They passed the Navigation Acts that had four major provisions designed to ensure that England made money from its colonies' trade |
| What was the significance of the triangle trade? | It is a system that trade with three stops to help the colonies grow |
| Explain the reasons for the development of the plantation system? | Most of the plantation system is in the South where slavery is there. The growth of slavery allowed plantation to expand, because without slave labor, there would be no plantation to grow crops. |
| Describe the major geographical features of each colonial region. (New England, Middle and Southern) | New England – long winter, growing season is short, rocky soil Middle – shorter winter, longer growing season than New England, fertile soil Southern – Warm climate, almost year-round growing season, good soil |
| Describe the major economic activities for each colonial region. | New England – Subsistence farming, Sea – fishing, Shipbuilding and trade Middle – known as “breadbasket” colonies because they produced so much grain and grew cash crops Southern – Plantation economy because of slave labors, and also grew cash crops |
| A religious movement in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s. | Great Awakening |
| One of the best-known preachers for the Great Awakening; terrified listeners with images of God's anger but promised they could be saved. | Jonathan Edwards |
| Another preacher for the Great Awakening; he inspired colonists to help others. He drew thousands of people and raise funds to start a home for orphans. | George Whitefield |
| A intellectual movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method to obtain knowledge. | Enlightenment |
| A famous American Enlightenment figure who used reason to improve society. He is also a famous scientist. | Benjamin Franklin |
| A English philosopher who is a supporter with Enlightenment. | John Locke |
| A document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, approved by King John in 1215; also called “Great Chapter”. | Magna Carta |
| England's chief lawmaking body | Parliament |
| A hands-off policy of England towards its American colonies during the first half of the 1700s | Salutary Neglect |
| A publisher of the New-York Weekly Journal; He stood a trial for printing criticism of New York's governor. | John Peter Zenger |
| A conflict in North America from 1754 to 1763 and became part of the Seven Years' War (1756 – 1763), a worldwide struggle for empire between France and Britain. | French and Indian War |
| First formal proposal to unite the American colonies, purposed by Benjamin Franklin | Albany Plan of Union |
| The treaty that ended the French and Indian War | Treaty of Paris 1763 |
| An order in which Britain prohibited its American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. | Proclamation of 1763 |
| A revolt against British forts and American settlers in 1763, led Native Americans by Ottawa war letter Pontiac, in response to settlers' claims of their lands and to harsh treatment by British soldiers. | Pontiac's Rebellion |
| What was the Great Awakening and what was it impact on the American colonies? | Great Awakening is a religious movement that help alter America thoughts and persuaded new answers. It encouraged people to speak their mind and have an active role in seeking salvation. |
| What was the Enlightenment and what was its impact on the American colonies? | Enlightenment is a intellectual movement emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method to obtain knowledge. They believed they can improve things around them by careful studying |
| What was the Albany Plan of Union? Whose idea was it? | Formal proposal plan to unite the American colonies by Benjamin Franklin |
| What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris 1763? | Britain claimed all of North America east of the Mississippi River and Florida from Spain. Spain claimed New Orleans and Louisiana from France and Cuba and the Philippines from Britain. The treaty ended French power in North America. |
| How did Parliament try to limit the expansion of the colonies of the 1763? | They passed the Proclamation of 1763 so the colonists wouldn't settled west of the Appalachian Mountain. |
| England king during the time of the Revolution War. | King George III |
| A act passed in 1765 to save money for British troops by requiring the colonists to provided them housing and supplies. | Quartering Act |
| A act passed in 1765 that all legal and commercial documents required to carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid; direct tax. | Stamp Act |
| Member of Virginia's House of Burgesses | Patrick Henry |
| A refusal to buy certain goods. | Boycott |
| A society that oppose British policies. | Sons of Liberty |
| A series of laws passed in 1767 that suspended New York's assemble and established taxes on goods brought into the British colonies. | Townshend Acts |
| search warrants that allowed British officers to enter homes or businesses to search for smuggled goods. | Writs of assistance |
| Leader of the Sons of Liberty. | Samuel Adams |
| A clash between British soldiers and Boston colonists in 1770, in which 5 colonists, including Crispus Attucks , were killed. | Boston Massacre |
| A group of people in the colonies who exchanged letters on colonial affairs. | Committee of correspondence |
| Sons of Liberty organized Boston Tea Party in response to the Tea Act; dressed up as Indians and board on three tea ships, dumping 342 tea chests into Boston Harbor. | Boston Tea Party |
| A series of laws passed in 1774 to punish Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party; also called Coercive Acts. | Intolerable Acts |
| A meeting of delegates in 1774 from all the colonies except Georgia to uphold colonial rights. | 1st Continental Congress |
| A messenger who spread news about British troop movements on April 18, 1775 at night. | Paul Revere |
| Those who supported the British. | Loyalists |
| Wanted freedom from British; sided with the rebels. | Patriot |
| Battles on April 19, 1775 that marked the start of the Revolution War. | Lexington and Concord |
| A meeting of delegates in May 1775 to form the Continental Army and to approve the Declaration of Independence. | 2nd Continental Congress |
| One of the American leaders in the Revolution War, but later on he became a traitor. | Benedict Arnold |
| Wrote the Declaration of Independence. | Thomas Jefferson |
| The document, written in 1776, in which the colonies declared independence from Britain. | Declaration of Independence |
| Why was Britain taxing the colonies? | They were in debt and needed money. |
| Why were the colonists upset by all the taxes being levied by the British? | Because the British just taxed them whenever and no representation was held. |
| What role did the Sons of Liberty play in protesting the various acts Britain passed? | They voice the protests of the colonists. |
| What was the 1st Continental Congress and what did it accomplish? | A meeting of delegates in 1774 from all the colonies except Georgia. They ban all trade with Britain and called on each colony to begin training troops. |
| How was the Boston Massacre used to show that England was being unreasonable? | The Boston Massacre became a tool for anti-British propaganda in newspaper articles, pamphlets, and posters. |
| What was the main idea behind the Declaration of Independence? | The core idea is based on the philosopher of John Locke – idea is that people have unalienable rights, or rights that government cannot take away. |
| Give an example of an unalienable rights. | Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. |
| Commander of the Continental Army; one of the American generals. | George Washington |
| A professional soldiers hired to fight for a foreign country. | Mercenary |
| An overall plan of action. | strategy |
| Series of conflicts that led to British surrender and turning point of the Revolution War. | Battle of Saratoga |
| Long steel knives attached to the ends of guns. | Bayonet |
| Leave military duty without intending to return. | Desert |
| Privately owned ship that a wartime government gives permission to attack an enemy’s merchant ships. | Privateer |
| An officer who won the most famous sea battles. | John Paul Jones |
| One of the British generals; surrendered at the Battle of Yorktown | Lord Cornwallis |
| Small bands of fighters who weaken the enemy with surprise raids and hit and run tactic. | Guerrilla |
| Last major battle of the Revolution War | Battle of Yorktown |
| The treaty that ended the Revolution War, Britain recognized United States was independent. | Treaty of Paris 1783 |
| The winter battle that stand for the great hardships that Americans endured in the Revolutionary War. | Valley Forge |
| 19 year old French nobleman who volunteered to serve in Washington’s army. | Marquis de Lafayette |
| What role did George Washington play in the American Revolution? | He was the commander of the Continental Army that helped unite Americans |
| What were conditions like at Valley Forge? | Valley Forge was in the winter, it was snowy and bitter cold. Soldiers has little supplies, clothes and no shoes as they walked through the snow. |
| How did the countries of Spain and France help the Americans? | They send soldiers and money to the Americans. |
| What were the advantages of the British during the war? | More people = more troops more supplies and equipments well-trained army stronger navy more money 1/3 of the colonists were Loyalists – serve as spies |
| What were the advantages of the Americans during the war? | More motivation knowledge of the land better and quicker communication than British outstanding military leadership large territories to fight |
| What were the terms of the Treaty Paris 1783? | 1. United States was independent 2. Mississippi River – west, Canada – north, and Spanish Florida – south 3. U.S. receive rights to fish on Canada's Atlantic Coast 4. repay debts it owed 5. British would leave their forts 6. Exchanged prisoners |
| First form of national government in the United States | Articles of Confederation |
| A law that passed to dividing and selling public lands in Northwest Territory | Land Ordinance of 1785 |
| Territory consisted of 5 states and part of the 6th state: Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota | Northwest Territory |
| It described how the Northwest Territory would be governed and set conditions for settlement and settler's rights (1787) | Northwest Ordinance |
| uprising in Massachusetts led by farmers in debt | Shay's Rebellion |
| A meeting held at Philadelphia in 1787 of 55 delegates to consider changes to the Articles of Confederation, but ended up drafting the Constitution | Constitutional Convention |
| One of the ablest delegates who read more than a hundred books on government in preparation for the Constitutional Convention and written the bill of rights of the Constitution | James Madison |
| A plan proposed by Edmund Randolph, but James Madison drawn up the plan, that proposed a stronger government with 3 branches and 2-house legislature in which representation would be based on state's population | Virginia Plan |
| A plan proposed by William Paterson, that proposed a weaker government with 3 branches and 1-house legislature in which each state would have one vote for representation | New Jersey Plan |
| For smaller states, representation will be equal in Senate. For larger states, representation would be based on state's population in House of Representatives. Proposed stronger government with 3 branches and 2-house legislature | Great Compromise |
| Three-fifths of the slave population would be counted as one person for representation | Three-Fifths Compromise |
| The people who supported the Constitution. | Federalists |
| The people who opposed the Constitution. | Anti-Federalists |
| A series of essay defending and explaining the Constitution | The Federalist Papers |
| Delegate of the Constitutional Convention who refused to signed the Constitution until a bill of rights was added | George Mason |
| First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution | Bill of Rights |
| What were the strengths of the Articles of Confederation? | Strengths: Successfully waged the war for independence against Britain Treaty of Paris 1783 Each state recognize the laws of the other state Passed Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
| What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? | No money No power over the state government Could not make the states live up to trade agreements with other nation Failed to protect citizens from unfair discrimination Could not paid the soldiers from the Revolution War Lacked the power to taxed |
| Explain what the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 did and why they were important to the future of the nation? | Land Ordinance of 1785 divided and sold public lands in the Northwest Territory Northwest Ordinance of 1787 describe how the territory would be govern They are important because they set a pattern for the orderly growth of the United States |
| What roles did George Washington, James Madison, Roger Sherman and Benjamin Franklin have at the Constitutional Convention? | They are America's most famous men and they are gathered in the Constitutional Convention so it is a impressive group |
| Who were the leading Federalist and the leading Anti-Federalists? | Federalist – James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay Anti-Federalists – George Mason and Patrick Henry |
| Why are the Federalist Papers significant? | Its shows that Federalists did not sit while the Anti-Federalists attacked the Constitution, so they wrote essays to answer the Anti-Federalists' attacks. It appealed to reason and emotion. |
| Why was the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution? | Most states didn't want to ratify the Constitution because they want a bill of rights to protect people's rights so the government cannot take away |
| A government in which the people rule | Popular Sovereignty |
| The people exercise their power by voting for their political representatives | Republicanism |
| A system of government in which power is shared between the states and national government | Federalism |
| Division of basic government roles into branches, so no one branch can have too much power | Separation of Powers |
| Each branch of government can exercise checks, or controls, over the other branches; they must work together to get the work done | Checks and Balances |
| Everyone from citizens to powerful leaders must obey the laws | Limited Government |
| Rights that are personal liberties and privileges; rights that the government cannot taken away | Individual Rights |
| Introduction of the Constitution | Preamble |
| Which articles of the Constitution discusses the power of the executive branch? | Article 2 |
| Which articles of the Constitution discusses the power of the judicial branch? | Article 3 |
| Which articles of the Constitution discusses the power of the legislative branch? | Article 1 |
| What is the purpose of a veto? | Disapproved a bill |
| Which amendment defines the five freedoms? List those five freedoms. | Amendment 1 – religious freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of press, the right of the people peaceably to assembly, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances |
| Which amendment was created due to the Quartering Acts? | Amendment 3 |
| The abuse of writs of assistance by the British led to which amendment? | Amendment 4 |
| Government ruled directly by its citizens | Democracy |
| A government which people elect representatives to govern for them | Republic |
| A government headed by an elected legislature (usually called a parliament)and a cabinet (or called prime minister) | Parliamentary democracy |
| A government ruled by a hereditary king, queen or emperor | Absolute monarchy |
| Where the monarch's power is restricted by a written constitution | Constitutional monarchy |
| A monarchy that has a democratically elected government that works in the monarch's name. They are head of state and allow the ministers of the democratically elected government to make the decisions. | Ceremonial monarchy |
| Hold absolute power over their citizens and make and often break laws as they see fit | Dictatorship |
| Small group of people totally controlled the country | Communism |
| French and Indian War started in what year? | 1754 |
| Seven Year's War ended what year? | 1763 |
| What year did the Boston Massacre occurred? | 1770 |
| What year did the Tea Act passed and Boston Tea Party happened? | 1773 |
| What year did these happened: Lexington and Concord – marked the started of the Revolution War, Battle of Bunker Hill, Olive Branch Petition, British retreat from Boston | 1775 |
| What year did these happened: Common Sense, Declaration of Independence, Revolution War starts – Trenton and Princeton | 1776 |
| What year did these happened: Battle of Saratoga – Turning point of the Revolution War, Articles of Confederation | 1777 |
| What year did the Revolution War ended? | 1783 |
| What year did these happened: Northwest Ordinance, Shay's Rebellion,Constitutional Convention – Virginia Plan,New Jersey Plan, Great Compromise, Three-Fifth Compromise, Ratify Constitution starts | 1787 |
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