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Apologia Biology

Module 7: Cellular Reproduction and DNA

QuestionAnswer
Genetics The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring
Genetic factors The general guideline of traits determined by a person's DNA
Environmental factors Those "nonbiological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of the person's parents, the person's friends, and the person's behavioral choices
Spiritual factors The factors in a person's life that are determine by the quality of his or her relationship with God
Gene A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait
Messenger RNA The RNA that performs transcription
Anticodon A three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA
Codon A sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific amino acid
Chromosome DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of the cell
Mitosis A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells
Interphase The time interval between cellular reproduction
Mother cell A cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles
Centromere The region that joins two sister chromatids
Karyotype The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs
Diploid cell A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs
Haploid cell A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair
Diploid number (2n) The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell
Haploid number (n) The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell
Meiosis The process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes (n)
Gametes Haploid cells (n) produced by dilpoid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction
Virus A non-cellular infectious agent that has two characteristics: (1) It has genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protective protein coat. (2) It cannot reproduce on its own.
Antibodies Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents
Vaccine A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies which can aid in destroying the pathogen
Created by: Makenshi
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