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America Pageant Ch11
American Pageant Ed.13, Chapters 11, Quarter 2 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did Federalists lose in the Election in 1800? | Federalists lose power due to Alien and Sedition Acts and Adams' decision to not declare War on France. |
| Explain the Election of 1800. | Jefferson beats John Adams but ties with Aaron Burr for the presidency. Adams and Alexander Hamilton persuade the house to vote in Jefferson's favor. Jefferson then wins 73 to 65 in the Electoral College. |
| Why was the Election of 1800 called the "Jeffersonian Revolution"? | There was a peaceful transfer of power, and the Republicans were "the people's party" |
| How did Jefferson become more conservative following elections? | Dismissed a few federalist officials, pardoned those serving time under the Sedition Act, returned naturalization law to 5 years in 1802, got rid of excise tax, but reinstates it, aggressive foreign affairs, keeps national bank |
| Albert Gallatin | Secretary of the treasury under Jefferson, greatly reduced national debt, nick-named "watchdog of the treasury" |
| Midnight Judges | In his final days of power, John Adams appoints new judges to the Supreme Court to preserve the federalist legacy. |
| How did Jefferson show fear/reluctance towards war? | Reduces Militia men to 2500, gets a peace treaty with Tripoli in 1805 by paying $60,000 |
| Louisiana Purchase | 19 1800 Spain gives Louisiana territory to France, who sells it to Jackson for $15 million (3 cents an acre) in 1803. It doubled the size of the U.S. |
| How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the political parties? | They switch sides! Republicans are now using loose construction, and federalists are being strict. Federalists disproved of the purchase because it meant more farmers (Republicans). Federalists try to make NY and New England succede from Union but fail. |
| Lewis and Clark | Meriweather Lewis, Jefferson's secretary, and John Clark travel and evaluate new land with Indian Sacajawea, and return with great information on the land. |
| How did France and England's war hurt America? | Trade sank, and ships could not be protected at sea. Impressment (seizing of ships and forcing men on board to join army) took place. But U.S. lacked military and materials to wage war. |
| Embargo Act of 1807 | Forbade exports from U.S. to any foreign nation. Inadvertently increased industrialism as people opened and reopened factories. But many just resorted to smuggling |
| Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 | Repeals and replaces Embargo Act and says trade is allowed with all foreign nations except France and England. |
| James Madison | President after Jefferson in 1809, 1st president to live in today's white house, bad speaker |
| Macon's Bill No. 2 | U.S. would restore trade to whichever country, either France or England, dropped their commercial restrictions first. Napoleon lies and says he'll lift France's, but ultimately tricks the U.S. into against Great Britain. |
| War of 1812 | America's worst fought war- British defeat France and burn most of D.C., but are defeated in the end by Andrew Jackson at New Orleans |
| Result of the War of 1812 | Bank of U.S> expired in 1811 so taxes were raised to finance war. Jackson recognized as a war hero, Britain defeated, and peace declared in 1815. |
| Why was the War of 1812 nick-named "War of Miscommunication" by historians? | Britain had voted to resend restrictions 2 days prior, but Madison didn't get the message in time. |
| Why did America enter the War of 1812? | For freedom of the seas, the possibility of land, and anger over GB giving Indians guns. North and East (where best troops were) happened to be anti war, while the West and South were pro war. |
| Tecumseh and the Prophet | Shawnee brothers urged boycott of American goods and influence, and establishment of Indian Confederacy but are both killed by William Henry Harrison, then governor of the Indians. |
| War Hawks | YOung, aggressive congressmen who wanted to wipe out the Indian base of Canada, which is part of why the War of 1812 began. |
| John Marhall | Distant cousin of Jefferson, raises power of Judicial branch, and believes in federal gov. over state gov. He handles many cases, serving as Supreme Court Justice from 1801-1835. |
| Fletcher vs Peck case | Leads to Sanctity of Contracts, which prevents states from interfering in contracts made between private businesses |
| Marbury vs Madison case | establishes Judicial Review, which allows Supreme Court to decide if laws are unconstitutional |
| McCulloch vs Maryland case | 1819-establishes Principle of Implied Powers, which heightens the court's power and says you can't destroy an agency of the federal gov. |
| Dartmouth College vs Woodward case | 1819- Schools can no longer be taxed by the state |
| Cohens vs Virginia case | 1821-federal jurisdiction over state cases involving federal rights |
| Gibbons vs Ogden case | 1824- Federal government to regulate interstate commerce |
| Cherokee Nation vs Georgia case | 1831- Decides that as a sovereign nation, the Indians can't be forced to move. Jackson ignores it. |
| Worcester vs Georgia case | 1832- encourages private business |
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