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the liver
the liver.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the largest organ EVER | the liver. |
| How is the liver divided | Left & right lobes |
| what are the lobules of the liver? | hepatic cells radiating from central hepatic vein separated by sinusoids. all are exposed to blood to filter. |
| how does the liver get its blood | portal and heptatic |
| what kinds of cells does it have | hepatocyte & kupffer |
| what does hepatocyte do | line sinusoids, secrete bile |
| what does kupffer do | remove and phagocyzes old blood/bacteria/whatever |
| what does the bile that the liver secretes do | emulsifies fats and make micelles to send fatty acids/vitamins to intestine for absorbtion |
| what does teh liver metaboolize | hormones and drugs |
| what hormones does it inactivate | insulin and glucagon |
| what cannot be excreted by the kidneys that the liver metabolizees | lipid-soluble substances |
| what nutrients does it metabolize | fats proteins carbs |
| what serum tests do liver fxn | alt ast |
| rises in ast and alt result in what | liver damage |
| what all causes hepatitis | bacteria virus toxins |
| what was hep A called beffore | infective hepatitis |
| how do you get hep a | feces |
| how long is the incubationa nd prodromal period | 2-6 weeks |
| when is someone with hep a most infectious | 4 wk after infection |
| how do you know you have it | positive anti-hav, igg |
| does someone with hav have a chronic or carrier state | no |
| what was hep b called | serum hepatitis |
| how do you get it | blood or fluid |
| what is the incubation/prodromal period of hep b | 1-6 mo |
| what disease is hep b associated with | cirrosis, liver cancer, hep d |
| when doe Hbsag appear | 1 month afte rtransmission lasts up to six mo |
| when does anti hbc appear | 2 weeks after hbsag maybe forever |
| when does anti hbs appear | after hbsag appears negative. perisists for months |
| what was hep c called | non a non b |
| how do you get hep c | blood and fluidd |
| how much people are chronicity of hep c | 85% |
| how long is incubation of hep c | 2 wk to six mo |
| what is prodromal period hep c | years |
| how to diagnose hep c | anti hcv, hcv rna pcr |
| how to treat hep b hep c | prevention with vacc hbv only. antiviral agents. hep c transplant only |
| how does cirrosis happen | increased fibrous/connective tissue deposits and hepatocytes die |
| what causes cirrosis | alcohol, drugs, toxins, viruses, antibiotics, sclerosing cholengitis |
| what is early stage of cirrosis | fatty liver enlarged tender to palpate elevated bilirubin, alt, ast, ggt |
| what is late stage of cirrosis | hard, shrunken, non palp.biliruibin and enzymes drop |
| what are other manifestations of cirrosis | reduction in clotting, ascities, hypoalbumenia, portal hypertension |
| what neurotoxins are associaed with hepatic neruo encepelopathy | ammonia & aromatic amino acids stages 1-4 |
| what other manifestations of cirrosis | Jaundice Palmar erythema Pruritus Spider angiomas Fetor hepaticus |
| WHY ARE YOU MORE PRONE TO INFECTIONS FROM CIRROSIS | NO KUPPFER NO COMPLEMENT |
| WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR KIDNEYS. | RENAL FAILURE AZOTEMIA,..CREATININE DECREASED GFR |
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