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Identifications chp7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nationalism | the belief that national interests should be placed ahead of what a region wants; established by John Quincy Adams |
| Sectionalism | Election between Adams and Jefferson expressed this theory which was the belief of placing the interests of one region over the nation as a whole |
| Spoils System | incoming officials(Jefferson) throw out former appointees and replace them with their own friends. He fired nearly 10 percent of the federal employees, and gave their jobs to loyal followers of himself. |
| Monroe Doctrine | Monroe warned all outside powers not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere. The US would consider such action dangerous, At the same time, the US would not involve itself in European affairs or interfere with existing colonies in the Western |
| Mass production | During the 19th century, the factory system made the production of goods in large quantities possible. |
| Specie Circular | required payment for government land to be in gold and silver. |
| American System | unite the different regions of the country and create a stable economy that would make the nation self-sufficient. • developing transportation systems & other internal improvements • establishing a protective tariff • resurrecting the national bank |
| Henry Clay | Speaker of the house in 1815; issued the American System |
| Erie Canal | Nicknamed the “Big Ditch,”; took eight years to dig, and by 1825 had linked the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. New York City had become the dominant port in the country. Constructed by Dewitt Clinton |
| Infrastructure | the basis of an organization or system needed for a society |
| Appeasement | system of settling tension and conflict with an agreement or compromise |
| Industrialization | Social and economic reorganization that took place as machines replaced hand tools and large-scale factory production developed |
| Calhoun | Southerner from South Carolina 19th Century, seventh vice president of America |
| Gibbens vs. Ogden | supreme court decision that helped to ensure that the federal government has the power to regulate just about everything that crosses state lines; led to future rulings favoring competition over monopolies. Involved Thomas Gibbons and Aaron Ogden |
| Judicial Nationalism | period in the 1800's; refers to judges and the powers and functions of a part or system of the national government |
| Kitchen Cabinet | Jackson’s friends who became his primary advisers because they supposedly slipped into the White House through the kitchen. |
| Corrupt Bargain | bribing someone so you can win in the end unfairly without justification; followers of Jackson accused Adams of stealing the presidency. When Adams appointed Clay secretary of state, the Jacksonians claimed that Adams had struck a corrupt bargain. |
| Popular Vote | population of a state chooses an individual to hold public office |
| McCulloh vs. Maryland | Md. levied a heavy tax on the local branch of the Bank of the US, hoping to make it fail. The Chief Justice denied the right of Maryland to tax the Bank. It was declared unconstitutional |
| Interstate commerce | buying and selling products across borders of the state |
| Missouri Compromise | agreement that temporarily settled the tensions between the North and South over slavery. Main was admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. North of the division, slavery was banned. South of it, slavery was allowed. |
| South Carolina expositions | John Calhoun issued this reinforcement of the principle of nullification in result of the refusal of the Tariff of Abominations |
| Old Hickory | President Andrew Jackson's nickname; After leading his men back from the Battle at New Orleans, letting the wounded take his horse forcing him to walk the whole way, he was nicknamed this in respect to his toughness and courage. |
| Tariff of Abominations | nicknamed "a disgusting and loathsome tariff"; placed on manufactured goods that reduced British exports to the United States and forced the South to buy the more expensive Northern manufactured goods |
| State's rights | powers reserved to the people of the states; the rights stated in the Constitution; refers to the political powers which the United States possess in comparison to the federal government |
| Webster Hayne Debate | 1830 debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne from South Carolina; question of nullification |
| Force Bill 1883 | allowed the federal government to use the army and navy against South Carolina if state authorities resisted paying proper duties |
| Bank of the United States | National bank established by Congress first in 1791, then in 1816; went out of business after Andrew Jackson brought up a war |
| "pet banks" | ackson appointed a secretary of the treasury who was willing to place all government funds in these banks. The banks were called this because of their loyalty to the Democratic Party. |
| Nicholas Biddle | President of the Bank of the United States; his goal was to save the bank |
| Trail of Tears | During the time of the Indian removal act, Cherokee was sent into groups of 1000 on an 800 mile trip. More than a quarter of the Cherokee died, and they were buried along this trail. |
| Textiles | British goods like woven materials, usually made from cotton |
| Indian Removals | forced the Native Americans from their homes |
| Compromise Tariff of 1833 | proposed a tariff bill that would gradually lower duties over a ten-year period |
| nullification | make a law non existent |
| Cotton Gin | South by Eli Whitney in 1793 to help clean the cotton and increase cotton production; led to a mass movement of planters and slaves into Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, expansion of slavery in the South setting them apart from the North |
| Dewitt Clinton | politician in the early 1800s; lost to James Madison when he decided to run for president in the 1812 election; He served as governor of the state of New York 1817- 1822; responsible for the construction of the Erie Canal. |
| Interchangeable Parts | parts that are exactly alike invented by Eli Whitney in 1801. Helped mass production and increased manufacturing. |
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hcfrosh14
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