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Ch 9 Respiratory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| External Respiration | also called breathing; is the exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the lung and the environment |
| Inhaled Air | is warmed, moistened, and filtered to prepare it for work by the body |
| Respiratory and Cardiovascular System work together to | deliver oxygen to the cells, where energy is provided needed to carry out metabolism |
| Internal Respiration | exchange of oxygen and CO2 at the cellular level; O2 enters the cells while CO2 leaves |
| Blood Stream plays role of | transporter of the oxygen to necessary places |
| Failure of Resp or Cardio System results in | rapid cell death from oxygen starvation |
| Air enters respiratory tract through | the nose where the air is filtered, moistened, and warmed |
| Nares | two nasal openings that air enters first |
| From the nose and nares air enters into | the nasal cavity |
| Nasal Septum | Separates the nares; lined with vascular mucous membrane providing warmth and moisture needed |
| Nasal Septum secrets about | a liter of moisture every day |
| Turbinates OR Conchae | three scroll-like bones lateral to the nasal cavity; cause air to move over a larger surface area; allows more time for warming and moisturizing |
| Tiny hairs lining the nasal cavities | trap dust and other foreign particles and prevent them from entering the lower respiratory tract |
| 4 Paranasal Sinuses | frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid cavities |
| Frontal Cavity | first of 4 paranasal sinuses |
| Maxillary Cavity | Second of 4 paranasal sinuses |
| Sphenoid Cavity | Third of 4 paranasal sinuses |
| Ethmoid Cavity | Last of 4 paranasal sinuses |
| 4 Paranasal Sinuses do what | communicate with the nasal structures and are hollow places that make the skull lighter |
| 4 Paranasal Sinuses are lined | with mucous membranes like the nasal cavity |
| Nasal Infections can cause | sinusitis which is uncomfortable and hard to treat |
| Mucosa | of the nasal cavities; where the receptors for the sense of smell are located |
| Mucosa of the nasal cavities are | the nerve endings of the olfactory nerve, the first cranial nerve |
| Olfactory Nerve | The first cranial nerve |
| Nasolacrimal Ducts | tear ducts; communicate with the upper nasal chamber |
| When you cry | copious nasal secretions occur |
| pharynx (or throat) | tubular structure about 5 in (13 cm) long extending from the base of the skull to the esophogus and situated just in front of the vertebrae |
| Pharynx is the passageway for | food and air |
| pharynx is divided into | three subdivisions: nasopharynx, oropharanyx, and laryngopharynx |
| nasopharynx | 1st of three subdivisons of the pharynx; the mst superior portion |
| oropharynx | 2nd of three divisions of pharynx; posterior to mouth |
| laryngopharynx | 3rd of three subdivisions of pharynx; directly superior to larynx |
| Eustachian tubes enter on | either side of the nasopharynx, connecting it to the middle ear |
| Because inner lining of pharynx and eustatian tube are continuous | an infection in the pharynx can spread easily to the ear; common in children |
| adenoids | pharyngeal tonsils in the nasopharynx |
| palatine tonsils | located in the oropharynx |
| larynx | organ of voice is supported by nine areas of cartilage and connects the pharynx with the trachea |
| thyroid cartilage | or Adam's Apple; largest area of cartilage supporting the larynx composed of two fused plates |
| Thyroid cartilage | or Adam's apple is same size in F and M until puberty and then enlarges in males |
| epiglottis | large leaf shaped area of cartilage that protects the larynx when swallowing; covers the larynx tightly to prevent food from entering the trachea and directs food to the esophogus |
| Vocal Cords | contained in the pharynx; air rushes over vocal cords causing vibration, enables speech to occur |
| Glottis | opening between the vocal cords |
| trachea | OR windpipe; tubelike structure that extends about 5 in (11 cm) to the midchest where it divides into R and L bronchi; anterior to the esophogus, connects larynx with bronchi |
| Ventral (anterior) part of trachea | surface of this tube is covered in the neck by the isthmus (narrow connection) of the thyroid gland |
| Ventral (anterior) part of the trachea contains | C-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep it from collapsing |
| Open C-Rings in the trachea | lie posterior to the column anterior to the esophagus which allows esophagus to expand during swallowing while still maintaining the patency of the trachea; necessary for uninterrupted breathing |
| Cilia | small hairlike processes on the outer surface of small cells, aiding metabolism by producing motion or current in a fluid |
| Trachea is lined with | mucuos membranes and cilia that sweep dust or debris upward toward the nasal cavity; large particles cause cough reflex |
| tracheostomy | surgical opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube may be inserted; patient then breathes through the opening, rather than the nose; below the larynx so patient can't speak |
| alveoli | sac-like structures resembling grapes, where gas exchange takes place |
| Each alveoli has | blood capillary where diffusion of blood and o2 takes place |
| surfacant | thin covering of alveoli that prevents collapsing |
| R lung | wieghs 625g |
| L lung | weighs570 g |
| Lungs | recieve their blood supply directly from heart |
| Diffusion of co2 occurs | between blood and lung capillaries and alveolar air |
| visceral pluera | thin moist serous membrane covering each lung |
| parietal pluera | thin , war, moist covening of the thoraic cavitity |
| plueral cavity | is air-tight and contain negative air pressure |
| plueral effusion | an accumulation of too much serous secretion in plueral space |
| when plueral effusion occurs | the plueral space isdistended and breathing is difficult |
| throacentesis | ned-like instrument inserted into plueral cavity to excess fluid caused by plueral effusion |
| Inspiration | last 2 seconds |
| expiration | last 3 seconds |
| Room air contains | 21% o2 |
| exhaled air contain | 16.5% O2 and 3.5 co2 |
| Normal range of respiration | 14 to 20 per minute |
| respiration rate is affected by | sex, age, activity, disease,body temp |
| newborn respiration | 40 to 60 |
| medulla oblongata | responsible for basic rhthm |
| pons of the brain | control depth of respiration |
| Chemoreceptors | located in arotid and coratid |
| Chemoreceptors are sensistive to | blood CO2, decreasing blood level of o2,blood acid levels |
| CO@ is also know as | carbonic acid |
| The more co2 in blood the more | acidic the blood is |
| Ph for blood is | 7.35 to 7.45 |
| If deviation of PH occurs | patient develops acidosis or alkalosis |
Created by:
Jaybob
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