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Pharm Ch. 13
CNS Depressans & Muscle Relaxants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are barbiturates? | a class of drugs that are chemical derivative of barbituric acid, they can induce sedation and sleep |
| What are benzodiazepines? | a chemical category of drugs most frequenctly prescrived as sedative hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs |
| What is Gamma aminobutyric acid? | an inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the brain |
| What is Hypnotics? | drugs that wehn given at low to moderate dosages, calm or soothe the CNS without inducing sleep but when given at high dosages do cause sleep |
| What is NREM sleep? | The largest portion of the sleep cycle. it has 4 stages and precedes REM sleep |
| What is REM sleep? | one of the stages of the sleep cycle. some of the characteristics of REM sleep are rapid eye movment of the eyes, vivid dreams, and irregular breathing |
| What is REM interference? | a drug induced reduction of REM sleep time |
| What is REM rebound? | excessice REM sleep following discontinuation of a sleep altering drug |
| What are sedatives? | drugs that have an inhibitory effects on the CNS to the degree that they reduce nervousness, excitability, and irritability without causing sleep |
| What are sedatives hypnotics? | drugs that can act in the body either as sedatives or as hypnotics |
| What is sleep? | a transiet, reversible, and periodic state of rest in which there is a decrease in physical activity and conciousness |
| What is sleep architecture? | the structure of the various elements involved in the sleep cycle, including normal and abnormal patterns of sleep |
| What is therapeutic index? | the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug, if the index is low, the difference between the therapeutic and toxic drug concentrations is small, and use of the drug is more hazardous |
| What is retoril? | short acting benzodiazepine, most common hypnotic, induces sleep in 20-40 min, |
| What is ambien? | short acting nonbenzodiazepene hypnotic, short half life |
| What is lioresal? | oral and injectable dose form, treat muscular conditions |
| What is flexeril? | centrally acting muscle relaxant, reduces spasms after injuries |
| What are the short acting barbiturates? | pentobarbital sodium, and secobarbital |
| What are the intermediate acting barbituates? | amorbarbital, aprobarbital, and butabarbital |
| A pt has been admitted to the emergency department because of an overdose of an oral benzodiazepine. he is very drowsy but still responsive. the nurse should prepare what for immediate intervention? | Flumazenil |
| An older adult has been given a benzodiazepine for sleep induction, but the night nurse notes that the pt was awake most of the night, watching television and reading in bed, this type of reaction is? | A paradoxical reaction |
| The nurse is preparing to administer a medication for sleep. which intervention applies to the administration of a nonbenzodiazepine, such as zolpidem? | Because of rapid onset, they should be taken just before bedtime |
| The nurse should monitor the pt who is taking a muscle relaxant for which AE? | CNS depression |
| A pt on a cardiac medical surg unit is complaining of having difficulty sleeping. which action should the nurse take first to address this problem? | Provide an environment that is restful and reduce loud noises |
Created by:
alicia.rennaker
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