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Stage 10:Agriculture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agriculture | is a deliberate modification of Earth's surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic grain |
| subsistence agriculture | found in LDCs, is the production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer family |
| commercial agriculture | found in MDCs, is the production of food primarily for sale off the farm (ex: dairy famrs, ranching) |
| prime agricultural land | most productive land |
| agribusiness | commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually thorugh ownership by large corporation (ex: general mills, the meat industry) |
| shifting cultivation | a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively a few years and left fallow for a relatively long period (ex: upland rice in Southeast Asia) |
| slash-and-burn agriculture | another name for shifting cultivation because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burnng the debris |
| swidden | patch of clear land for planting through slashing and burning |
| pastoral nomadism | a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated aniamls (ex: camels, goats, sheeps) |
| transhumance | is a seasonal migration of livestock between moutains and lowland pasture areas |
| intensive subsistence agriculture | form of subsistence agriculture, in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land (ex: wet rice and wheat) |
| wet rice | practice of planting rice on dry land in a nursery and then moving the seedlings to a flooded field to promote growth |
| sawah | flooded field for growing rice |
| paddy | malay word for rice, commonly used for Sawah |
| chaff | husks of grain separated from the seed threshing |
| threshed | to beat out grain from stalks by trampling it |
| winnowed | allowing the wind to blow away chaff |
| double cropping | harvesting twice a year from the same field |
| crop rotation | the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil |
| cereal grain | a grass yielding grain for food (ex: oats, wheat, rye, barley) |
| milkshed | the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied |
| winter wheat | wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer *located through Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma |
| spring wheat | wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer, *goes through the Dakotas, Montana, Southern Saskatchewan in Canada |
| ranching | a form of commercial agriculture in which livestocj graze over an extensive area |
| horticulture | growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers (ex: pranges in Florida) |
| truck farming | commercial gardening and fruit farming, named truck because it was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities |
| von Thunel Model | according to the model, a commercial farmer initiallyt considers which crops to cultivate and which animals to raise based on market location |
| sustainble agriculture | farming methods that preserve long term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil=restoring crops with cashc rops and reducing inputs of fertilizers and pesticides 9ex: organic foods from farming) |
| ride tillage | system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation |
| desertification | degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting |
| green revolution | rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers (ex: miracle wheat seed) |
Created by:
viviann223
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