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Three parts of the x-ray system
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Where is the x-ray tube located?
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physic 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Three parts of the x-ray system | x-ray tube, operating console, high voltage generator |
| Where is the x-ray tube located? | in the exam room and the operating console in the adjoining room, seperated by a protective barrier |
| Where is a high votage generator located | always close to the tube and usually in the exam room |
| What does the operating console allow the tech to control | x-ray tube current and voltage to ensure proper quality and quanitity |
| What does the operating console provide | control for the line voltage compensator, kvp, ma and exposure time |
| What voltage are electric circuits that connect the meter and controls on the operating console | low |
| What does the line voltage compensator measure | voltage provided to the x-ray imaging system |
| What does the line voltage compensator do | maintains the voltage at 220 V |
| What does radiation quantity refer to | Number of x-rays or the intensity of the beam |
| What is radiation quantity measured in | mR/mAs |
| What does radiation quality refer to | penetrability of the x-ray beam |
| Radiation quality is expressed in ___ or more precisely _________ | kVp;half-value layer |
| How many windings does a autotransformer have | 1 |
| What are autotransformers designed to supply | precise voltage to the filament circuit and to the high voltage circuit |
| What is the first component to receive power | autotransformer |
| What is the equation for autotransformer law | Vs/Vp=Ns/Np |
| What does Vp represent? Vs, Np, Ns | primary voltage, secondary voltage, # of windings enclosed by primary connection, # of windings enclosed by secondary connection |
| What determines the quality of an x-ray | kVp |
| What determines the quantity of an x-ray | mAs |
| X-ray tube current is measured in | Milliamperes (mA) |
| What determines the number of electrons emitted by the filament | Temperature of the filament |
| What is the release of electrons from a heated filament | thermonic emission |
| what controls the filemant temperature | filament current |
| what is the cloud of electrons surrounding the filament | space charge effect |
| where is the filament loctated | high voltaage setion |
| the filament is a __________ transformer | step down |
| a precise device designed to drive a shaft at precisely 60 revolutions per second (1/60) | synchronous timer |
| most accurate of all timers and allow a wide range of time intervals to be selected and are accurate to intervals as small as 1 ms | electronic timer |
| what is the device that measures the quantity of radiation that reaches the IR | AEC |
| when the exposure begins at the maximum mA and continues to drop as the anode heats and results in a minimal exposure time is caused by | falling-load generator |
| on an AEC the electronic back up should be set at what | 1.5 (150%) |
| what type of transformer is the high voltage transformer | step up transformer |
| what is the device tht allows electrons to flow in only one direction | rectifier |
| where are rectifiers located | high voltage setion |
| how is rectification accomplished | diodes |
| what are the 3 parts of the high voltage generator | high voltage transformer, filament transformer, rectifiers |
| what appears as the voltage waveform supplied to the primary side of the high-voltage transformer, except the amplitude is much greater? | unrectified voltage |
| a condition in which the voltage is not allowed to swing negatively during the negative half of its cycle, therefore only flows during the positive cycle | half-wave rectification |
| what is responsible for increasing the output voltage from the autotranformer to the kVp necessary for x-ray production | high voltage generator |
| The negative half-cycle corresponding to the inverse voltage is reversed so that the anode is always positive | full-wave rectification |
| what is the main advantage with full wave rectification | exposure time for any given technique is cut in half |
| What is caused by the alternate swing in voltage from zero to maximum potential 120 times each second | single phase power |
| what is the diagnostic value of single phase power and why | none because of low energy and low penetraility |
| multiple voltage wave forms are superimposed on one another, resulting in a wave form that maintains a nearly constant high voltage,never dropping to 0 | three phase power |
| what is the disadvantage of three phase power | cost |
| what are the 2 types of 3 phase power | 6 pulse, 12 pulse |
| what produces nearly constant waveform improving image, quality and lower pt dose | high frequency generators |
| what are advantages in high frequency generators | compact in size, less costly, more efficient and voltage is most constant |
| what modalities use high frequency generators | mammagraphy and spiral CT systems |
| during exposure what is responsible for releasing the charge to form the x-ray tube current needed to produce the x-ray | capacitor discharge generator |
| How are transformers and high voltage generators usually identified | by their power rating |
| what is the lowest power rating of all generators | single phase |
| the_____ voltage rating has the _______ power rating | highest, lowest |
| What is the turn ratio of high voltage transformers | 500:1 and 1000:1 |
| what type of current does a high voltage transformer operate on | alternating |
| what is a electronic device that contains 2 electrodes and allows electrons to flow from cathode to anode | diodes |
| in modern day imaging systems, the components for retification are? | solid state semiconductors |
| how many pulses/sec are produced for half wave rectification | 60 |
| how many pulses/sec are produced for full wave rectification | 120 |
| how many pulses/sec are produced for 3 phase power | 360 (6 pulses per 1/60 sec) |
| what is the x ray tube current controlled by | filament circuit |
| what is the difference between primary and secondary waveforms | amplitude |
| What is the process of converting from ac to dc | rectification |
| what is the means for characterizing voltage waveforms | voltage ripple |
| the _______ voltage ripple, the ________ radiation quantity and quality | less, greater |
| What is the voltage ripple for 3 phase 6 pulse | 14% (voltage supplied to tube never falls below 86% of max value) |
| what is the voltage ripple for 3 phase 12 pulse | 4% (voltage does not fall below 96% of max value) |
| what is the voltage ripple for high frequency | 1% (most efficient method of x ray production with the lowest voltage ripple) |
| what is the voltage ripple for single phase | 100% |
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