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pharmmid
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 ) Why should a nurse avoid giving morphine IM to a patient in shock? | since impaired perfusion may prevent complete absorption |
| 4 ) why should a patient receiving Morphine be instructed to remain in bed? | Orthostatic hyportension is side affect, great risks for falls |
| 5 ) 3 counterindications for morphine | Bradypnea; upper airway obstruction; acute asthma; Heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease; cardiac arrhythmias; brain tumor; acute alcoholism; delirium tremens; convulsive ; (eg, status epilepticus, tetanus, strychnine poisoning).concomitantly wi |
| 6 ) What is the antidote to acetominophin | NAC (N-acetylcysteine). |
| 7 ) difference between sedatives and hypnotics | Usually dosage. Sedatives produce less response to stimuli without producing sleep. They reduce anxiety and nervousness. Hypnotics has a more depressant effect on CNS and usually produce sleep |
| 8 ) give 3 examples sedative v. hypnotic | , benzodiazepines, barbiturates, zolpidem, buspirone, paxitrone, nembutol, 20-30 bid/tidas sedative, 120-200 as hypnotic |
| 8a )classes of sedatives | benzodiazepines, ssri,TCA, atypical anxiolytic, |
| 8b ) benzodiazapines | valium, lorazapam antidote flumazinil |
| 8c ) zolpidem | Zanix |
| 8d ) buspirone | buspar |
| 8e ) paxitrone | paxil |
| 8f ) mechanism of action of benzodiazapines | enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA |
| "9 ) name the drug given to patientd with barbiturate poisoning to increase secretion through GI | diet to change pH of Urine; Forced diuresis with alkalinisation of urine: This |
| 10 ) name 3 benzodiazapenes | valium, lorazepam, midolam |
| 11 ) antidote for benzodiazapine od | flumanizil |
| 12 ) 2 contraindacatrions of benzodiazapines | sleep apnea, hepatic issues |
| 13 ) give 3 indications of antianxiety agents | GAD, Phobias, OCD, PTSD, Preop |
| 14a ) Washout period from MAOI to fluoxetine | 14 days |
| 14b ) Washout period from MAOI to paroxetine Paxil SSRI | 14 days |
| 14c ) Washout period from MAOI to TCA (elavil ) | 14 days |
| 15 ) Washout from MAOI to Buspar (Buspiratone) atypical anxiolytic | 14 days |
| 16 ) name two drugs used as anti manic agents | lithium, tegretol, lamictol |
| 17 ) state the name of the newer generation depressants, | SSRI, Celexa, Prozac, Zoloft |
| 18 ) what is the mechanism of action of antidepressants | slow uptake of seretonin and norepinephrine, blocking enzymatic breakdown of norepinephrine |
| 19 ) name two side affects of antidepressants | drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension |
| 20 ) potentially hazardous effects of antidepressants that is self limiting | suicidal ideation |
| 21 ) How do anntidepressants interact with warfarin | increased risk of toxicity, increased blood concentration, increases bleeding |
| 22 ) explain the mechanism of tryciclic antidepressants | TCAs act primarily as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) by blocking the serotonin transporter (SERT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), respectively, which results in an elevation of the extracellular concentrations of these neur |
| 23 ) why is it important to know about herbal therapy in patients receiving antidepressants | because herbal supplements may interact with drug and lower siezure threshholds or cause syndrome |
| 24 ) whst happens if person on MAOI take tyramine containing foods or bevereages | acute hypertension, cardiac arythmia, MI, due to sudden releaase of norepinepherin |
| 25 ) MAOI Tyramine antidote | CCB's |
| 26 ) Tyramine containing foods | cheese, papaya, figs, avacados, bananas raisins, sour cream, yogurt, beer, wine |
| 27 ) Explain how MAOI's act | MAOIs act by inhibiting the activity of monoamine oxidase, thus preventing the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters and thereby increasing their availability. There are two isoforms of monoamine oxidase, MAO-A and MAO-B. |
| 28 ) Name 2 drugs that interact with MAOI's | demerol, Zoloft, (Meperidine, sertraline) |
| 29 ) When are MAOI's mostly indicated | when a patient is non responsive to other antidepressants |
| 30 ) Name contraindications for MAOI use | severe liver and kidney impairment, severe or frequent headache, uncontrolled hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. |
| 31 ) give (3) three examples of antipsychotic | Thorazine(Phenothiazane); Haldol (Nonphenothiazanes) , Risperide (Atypical ) |
| 32 ) Give one unpleasant side affect of antipsychotic | impotence, loss of sex drive |
| 33 ) mechanism of action of anti-epileptics | stimulate influx of Cl ions associated with GABA, delaying influx of Na, delaying influx of calcium |
| 33 ) drug of choice for status epilepticus | valproic acid, (depakone)vallium, amobarbitol |
| 34 ) name 2 specific side affects of long term therapy with phenytoin | blurred vision, dizziness, leukopenia, peripheral neuropathy, aplastic anemia |
| 35 ) explain what would happen if a person taking phenytoins abruptly stopped their therapy | an increase in sezures |
| 36 ) name 3 drugs that can interact with antiepileptic agents | Nsaids, Birth control, antiepileptics, amioderone |
| 37 ) name 3 counterindications for the use of antiepileptics | prostatic hypertrophy, glaucoma, severe liver or kidney disease |
| 38 ) name two neurotransmitters that control movement | acetyl choline, norepinepherine |
| 39 ) 3 groups of drugs that can be used to treat Parkinsins Disease | Dopaminergic, anticholinergic, acetylcholinesterace inhibitorrs AChE |
| 40 ) Mechanism of action for antiparkinsonian | restore dopamine, acetylcholine balance in brain |
| 40a ) Mech of Action Dopaminergic--Levadopa | inhibits enzymes |
| 40b ) Mech of Action acetylcholinergic---Benzatrophine | centrally acting acylcholine blocker |
| 40c ) Mech of actionacytylchoinersterace inhibitor--Donepezil | slows progression of breakdown of acetylcholine |
| 41 ) drug of choice for Parkinsons | Levadopa, precursor of dopamine synthesis and Levadopa can cross BBB |
| 42 ) 3 side effects of drugs used in treatment of parkinsons | Dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotensions, urinary retention |
| 43 ) 3 drugs that can interact with antiparkinsonian agents | antipsychotics, anxiolytics, mood stabilizers, antihypertensives, |
| 44 ) name 3 antipsychotic agents | haldol, thorazine, risperidol, |
| 44a ) haldol | haloperidol |
| 44b ) thorazine | chlorpromazine |
| 44c ) risperidol | risperidone |
| 45 ) Mech of action for antipsychotic agent | overproduction of dopamine, antipsychotic med occupies D2 receptors preventing dopamine from woking |
| 46 ) state 2 side effects of anti psychotics | NMS Neuro malignant syndrome, Extrapyramidal symptoms |
| 47 ) 3 conterindications with use of antipsychotics | treated for Parkinson's, seizure disorders, alchoholism, severe depression |
| 48 ) give 3 drugs that can interact with antipsychotics | levadopa, phenobarbitol, phenytoin |
| 49 ) 3 indications of CNS stimulants | narcolepsy, adhd, obesity |
| 50 ) Example of a CNS stimulant that most people use everyday | caffiene |
| 51 ) Explain what would happen if someone took a CNS stimulant for a long period of time. P. 110 | -feelings of restlessness, anxiety, and fits of rage, especially when the user is coming down from a “high” induced by the drug |
| 52 ) Explain the difference between Local and General anesthetics | Local anesthetics p 240-drugs that produce a rapid loss of sensation to a limited part of the body. They produce their therapeutic effect by blocking the entry of sodium ions into neurons.General anesthetics p246-drugs that rapidly produce unconsciousnes |
| 53 ) Give examples of methods of local anesthesia | epidural, field block, nerve block, spinal, topical |
| 54 ) Give 3 contraindications to use of general anesthesia p. 247 | This drug is contraindicated in patients with an impaired level of consciousness, head injury, inability to comply with instructions, decompression sickness (nitrogen narcosis, air embolism, airtransport), undiagnosed abdominal pain or marked distention, |
| 55 ) Name 2 drugs that can interact with General anesthesia | -Sympathomimetics and phosphodiesterase inhibitors may exacerbate dysrhythmias |
| 56 ) Name 2 drugs used for local anesthesia p. 242 | lidocaine, novacaine |
| 57 ) Name one drug that can be given with a local anesthetic and give one reason why | Epinephrine---added to constrict blood vessels in the immediate area where the local anesthetic is applied. This keeps the anesthetic in the area longer-thus extending the duration of action of the drug |
| 58 ) Name the newer, safer anesthetic agents | MOC etamodate |
| 59 ) why are neuromuscular blocking agents used | to relax skelatal muscles in order to carry out surgical procedures mivucam, anectine |
| 60 ) Mech of action of neuromuscular blocking agents | |
| 1 ) name 1 narcotic antagonist | narcan (antidote for most narcotics) |
| 2 ) 3 S&s of morphime poisoning | slowed breathing, slowed pulse, BP lowered, cold clammy skin |
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