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mental health midter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Concept of Personality and Personality Disorders | Personality is the “style” of how one deals with the world Personality traits Stylistic peculiarities of how one deals with world Personality disorders Diagnosed under Axis II in DSM-IV-TR |
| General Characteristics of PD | Inflexible, maladaptive responses to stress Disability in working/loving Avoidance, fear of rejection Blurred boundaries between self and other Insensitivity to others Demanding and fault finding Lack of accountability Evoke intense interpersonal c |
| Understanding DSM-IV-TR Clusters PD | A:odd or eccentric behaviors schizophrenia B: dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors Manipulation is common defense mechanism Tendency to blame others for problems C: anxious/fearful behaviors Related to Axis I Internalize blame for problems i |
| Cluster A Paranoid | Believe others are lying, cheating, or exploiting them Perceive hidden malicious meaning in benign comments Inability to work collaboratively with others Emotionally detached Hostile to others |
| Cluster A: Schizoid | Neither desires nor enjoys human relationships Fixated on personal thought/fantasies Demonstrates emotional coldness, detachment, and flat affect Indifferent to praise or criticism Chooses solitary activities |
| Cluster B: Antisocial | Chronic irresponsibility and unreliability Lack of regard for law and rights of others Persistent lying and stealing for personal gain Conning others for personal gain Lack of remorse for hurting others Reckless disregard for others’ safety |
| Cluster C: Dependent | Difficulty with decision making Others assume responsibility for person’s life Fear of disagreeing with others Preoccupied with fear of being left alone |
| Schizophrenias: Prevalence and Comorbidity | Substance abuse disorders: approximately 40%-50% Nicotine dependence: 75%-85% (smoking is pleasure) Depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and psychosis-induced polydipsia also common Suicide 20 times more prevalent than general population |
| Biological Theories Related to Schizophrenia | Genetics Twin and adoptive studies validate major role Multiple genes believed to be involved Neuro factors Dopamine theory: derived from fact that antipsychotic drugs decrease dopamine and decrease symptoms of schizophrenia |
| Types of Schizophrenia: Paranoid | Person is intensely suspicious toward others Projection: attributing to others, one’s own feelings Ideas of reference common Misinterprets messages of others or given private meaning to communication (the light bulb gave me the idea) |
| Schizophrenia: Negative Symptoms | Changes in affect Flat affect: no emotion displayed Inappropriate affect: emotional response incongruent to situation Blunted affect: minimal emotional response Bizarre affect: grimacing, giggling, mumbling Apathy |
| Concept of Addiction | Abuse: use of substance that falls outside of medical necessity, resulting in adverse effects to user and others Dependence (addiction) occurs when tolerance to drug occurs and amounts increase to avoid withdrawal |
| Addictive Disorders: Prevalence and Comorbidity | Lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders in U.S. 14.6% Alcohol: most common; 8.5% Illicit drugs: >use of marijuana, cocaine and heroin over past decade and ^ use of club drugs, Rx pain amphetamines, benzos, anabolic steroids Nicotine use: 46 mil |
| Biological Theory Related to Addictive Disorders | Abusive substances affect dopamine systems and directly or indirectly affect limbic system Over time, dopamine receptors/dopamine levels decrease and individual needs more of abusive substance in order to keep dopamine level normal |
| Substance Abuse DSM-IV-TR defines as maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress | Inability to fulfill life roles Participation in hazardous activities when under influence Recurrent legal/interpersonal problems Continued use despite consequences |
| Substance Dependence DSM-IV-TR defines as maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment | Presence of tolerance: need for ^ doses Presence of withdrawal: specific physical and psychological when stopping use Unsuccessful attempts to cut down ^ time spent obtaining substances Reduced time in normal activities Substance use despite consequ |
| Nursing Process: Assessment Guidelines | Initial screening: use of two questions In past year, have you ever drunk or used drugs more than you meant to? Have you felt you wanted to cut down on drinking or drug use in past year? |
| Nursing Process: Assessment Guidelines Psychological changes | Use of defense mechanisms common: denial, projection, rationalization Characteristic thought processes: all-or-none thinking, selective attention Common behaviors: conflict minimization, avoidance, passivity, and manipulation |
| Treatment Approaches for Alcohol/CNS Depressant Withdrawal | Anticonvulsants: gabapentin (Neurontin) Prevention of Wernicke’s encephalopathy Thiamine (vitamin B1) Decrease in autonomic hyperactivity B blockers: propranolol (Inderal) |
| Complications of Substance Use: Intoxication with CNS Stimulants | Cocaine and amphetamines Intoxication: increased vital signs, nausea and vomiting, insomnia, assaultive behavior, euphoria, increased energy, paranoia Overdose: myocardial infarction, stroke, coma, death Tx of overdose Tx is symptomatic:ABC |
Created by:
ethompso08
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