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The American Pageant
Vocabulary: Chapter 39
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Richard Nixon | 37th president of the Unites States and the only one to ever resign. President from 1969-1974. Also the 36th vice president. Of the Republican party. |
| Spiro Agnew | 39th vice president of the United States serving under president Nixon. He was the 55th governor of Maryland. He was under investigation on charges of extortion, tax fraud, bribery and conspiracy in 1973. |
| Daniel Ellsberg | A former United States military analyst who participated in a national controversy when he released the Pentagon papers(top secret pentagon study). |
| John Dean | A white house counselor under president Nixon that was ultimately involved in the cover up of the water gate scandal. |
| Sam Ervin | Democratic Senator from North Dakota. He took part in the water gate investigation that led to the resignation of Richard Nixon. |
| Gerald Ford | 38th president of the United States from 1974-1977. He was also the 50th vice president. He is the only person never elected president or vice president. |
| Henry Kissinger | A German born American diplomat and recipient of the Nobel prize. He served as a national security advisor under Presidents Nixon and Ford. |
| Jimmy Carter | 39th president of the United States and the only president to receive the Nobel prize after leaving office. He was also a Georgia state senator and the Governor of Georgia. He created the department of energy and the department of education. |
| Earl Warren | The 14th chief justice of the supreme court and one of the 2 people to ever be elected governor of California 3 times. Made decision in the Brown vs. Board of education case and the Gideon vs. Wainwright cases. |
| Shah of Iran | Ruled Iran from 1941-1979 when he was overthrown by the Iranian revolution.His white revolution sought to modernize Iran, and extend suffrage to women. |
| Warren Berger | 15th chief justice of the supreme court that made important and controversial decisions on abortion, capital punishment, and religious establishment. |
| Ruhollah Khomeini | an Iranian ethnic religious leader in 1979 that led the Iranian revolution that led to the overthrow of the shah of Iran. |
| George McGovern | served as a representative, senator, and Democratic presidential nominee but lost the 1972 election to Nixon by a landslide. Appointed in 1961 as director of the food for peace program by John F. Kennedy. |
| Detente | The easing of strained relations. The term is used in reference to the easing of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States in 1970. |
| Executive privilege | The power of the executive branch to resist certain subpoenas and other interventions by the legislative and judicial branches of government. |
| Revenue sharing | In place from 1972-1987. Under this policy Congress gave an annual amount of federal tax revenue to the states and their cities, counties and townships. |
| Environmentalist | A person who broadly supports the goals of the environmental movement, "a political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities". |
| Moratorium | A demonstration against the United States involvement in the Vietnam War that took place across the United States in 1969. A strike was proposed if the war wasn't over by Cctober. |
| Geothermal | The energy produced by the heat in the earth and volcanoes. |
| Marxism | A worldview that contains within it a political ideology for how to change and improve society by implementing socialism. created mostly by Karl Marx. |
| Sheik | An honorific term in Arabic commonly used to designate the elder of a tribe or a revered wise man. |
| Anti-ballistic missile | Any antimissile system designed to counter ballistic missiles. There was also a ABM treaty between the U.S. and the Soviet union to stop the use of anti-ballistic missiles for defense. |
| Illegitimacy | In the United States, in the early 1970s, a series of Supreme Court decisions abolished most of the common-law disabilities of bastardy, as being violations of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. |
| Impoundment | Impoundment is the refusal of a President of the United States to Spend money that has been appropriated by the U.S. Congress. This power was available up to president Nixon. |
| Born-Again | Refers to a "spiritual rebirth" (regeneration) of the human soul, contrasted with the physical birth everyone experiences. |
| Obstruction of Justice | Refers to the crime of interfering with the work of police, investigators, regulatory agencies and prosecutors.Richard Nixon was being investigated for obstruction of justice for his alleged role in the cover-up of the Water gate scandal. |
| Repressive | Inhibiting or preventing the awareness of certain thoughts or feelings. |
| Audit | An evaluation of a person, organization, system, process, enterprise, project or product. |
| Bureaucratic | The purpose of a bureaucracy is to successfully implement the actions of an organization in achieving its purpose and mission. |
| Echelon | A level or rank in an organization, profession, or society. |
| Vietnamization | A policy of the Richard M. Nixon administration, as a result of Tet, to "expand, equip, and train South Vietnam's forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops. |
| Water Gate scandal | A 1970s United States political scandal resulting from the break-in to the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C. Effects of the scandal ultimately led to the resignation of Richard Nixon. |
| Nixon Doctrine | was put forth in a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969 by U.S. President Richard Nixon. He stated that the United States henceforth expected its allies to take care of their own military defense, but that the U.S. would aid in defense as requested. |
| CREEP | a fund raising organization of United States President Richard Nixon's administration. Besides its re-election activities, CRP employed money laundering and slush funds and was directly and actively involved in the Watergate scandal. |
| My Lai massacre | The mass murder conducted by a unit of the U.S. Army. When the incident became public knowledge in 1969, it prompted widespread outrage around the world. |
| Enemies list | A list of people that president Nixon didn't like but started as a list of political opponents to Nixon. |
| Cambodian Incursion | A series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia.These invasions were a result of policy of former President Richard Nixon whose decision it was to invade. |
| Saturday Night Massacre | The term given by political commentators to U.S. President Richard Nixon's dismissal of special prosecutor Archibald Cox, and the resignations of Attorney General Richardson and Deputy Attorney General Ruckelshaus in 1973 during the Watergate scandal. |
| Kent State Killings | Involved the shooting of unarmed college students by the Ohio National Guard on Monday, May 4, 1970. The guardsmen fired 67 rounds over a period of 13 seconds, killing four students and wounding nine others.The were protesting the invasion of Cambodia. |
| War powers act | A United States Congress joint resolution providing that the President can send U.S. armed forces into action abroad only by authorization of Congress or if the United States is already under attack or serious threat. It was passed on a 2/3 vote. |
| 26th amendment | Limited the minimum voting age to no more than 18. It was adopted in response to student activism against the Vietnam War and to partially overrule the Supreme Court's decision in Oregon v. Mitchell. It was adopted on July 1, 1971. |
| energy crisis | Great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. There were many of these in the 70's because there were many conflicts in the middle east causing oil to cost more. |
| Pentagon papers | A Study Prepared by the Department of Defense, is a top-secret United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political-military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. Daniel Ellsberg leaked the papers. |
| Helsinki accords | Act of the security conference and Co-operation in Europe held in Helsinki Finland, during 1975. 35 states including the USA, Canada, and all European states except Albania and Andorra, signed it to improve relations between the communists and the west. |
| ABM treaty | A treaty between the United States of America and the Soviet Union on the limitation of the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used in defending areas against missile-delivered nuclear weapons. |
| Mayaguez | The name of the ship that was involved in the Mayaguez incident which was The last battle of the Vietnam war. |
| SALT | Strategic Arms Limitation Talks were two rounds of bilateral talks and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union. Negotiations took place in Helsinki Finland. |
| OPEC | The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries; an intergovernmental organization of twelve developing countries made up of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. |
| MIRV's | Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle. a collection of nuclear weapons carried on a single intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). This allowed the U.S. to send more missiles in one warhead in the cold war. |
| Watergate scandal | The Scandal involving the break in of the Water Gate hotel in which many officials were involved and it led to the resignation of Richard Nixon. |
| Iranian Hostage Crisis | A crisis between Iran and the U.S. 52 US citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979 to January 20, 1981, after a group of Islamic students and militants took over the Embassy of the United States to support the Iranian Revolution. |
| Southern Strategy | The late-20th century Republican Party strategy of winning elections in Southern states by exploiting anti-African American racism among Southern white voters and appealing to states' rights. It was first used by Nixon in the lat 60's. |
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