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AP Human Geo Ch. 10
AP Human Geography vocab chapter 10
Question | Answer |
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Agribusiness | Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. |
Agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crop and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. |
Cereal grain | A grass yielding grain for food. |
Chaff | Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing. |
Combine | A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field. |
Commercial agriculture | Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate product for sale off the farm. |
Crop | Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during particular season. |
Crop rotation | The practice of rating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil. |
Grain | Seed of a cereal grass. |
Green revolution | Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. |
Horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. |
Hull | The outer covering of a seed. |
Intensive subsistence agriculture | A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. |
Milkshed | The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied. |
Paddy | Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah. |
Pastoral nomadism | A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. |
Pasture | Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing. |
Plantation | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crop for sale, usually to a more developed country. |
Prime agricultural land | The most productive farmland. |
Ranching | A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area. |
Reaper | A machine that cuts grain standing the field. |
Ridge tillage | System of planting crop on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation. |
Sawah | A flooded field fro growing rice. |
Seed agriculture | reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization. |
Shifting cultivation | A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. |
Slash-and-burn agriculture | Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris. |
Spring wheat | Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer. |
Subsistence agriculture | agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family. |
Sustainable agriculture | Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soul-restoring crop with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides. |
Swidden | a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning. |
Thresh | to beat out grain from stalks by trampling it. |
Transhumance | the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. |
Truck farming | commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities. |
Vegetative planting | reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants. |
Wet rice | Rice planted on dryland in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth. |
Winnow | to remove chaff by allowing it be blown away by the wind. |
Winter wheat | wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer. |
Desertification | Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. |
Double cropping | Harvesting twice a year from the same field. |