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ChapterFifteenVocab

Chapter 15 Vocabulary U.S.History

WordDefinition
1. Dwight Eisenhower: an American officer who commanded the Allied invasion of North Africa.
2. George S. Patton, Jr: an innovative tank commander.
3. unconditional surrender: giving up completely without any concessions.
4. saturation bombing: tactic of dropping massive amounts of bombs in order to inflict maximum damage.
5. strategic bombing: tactic of dropping bombs on key political and industrial targets.
6. Tuskegee Airmen: African American squadron that escorted bombers in the air war over Europe during World War 2.
7. Chester Nimitz: commander of the United States Navy in the Pacific.
8. Battle of Midway: turning point of World War 2 in the Pacific, in which Japanese advance was stopped.
9. A. Philip Randolph: a labor leader who asserted that African Americans would no longer accept second-class citizenship.
10. Executive Order 8802: World War 2 measure that assured fair hiring practices in any job funded by the government.
11. bracero program: plan that brought laborers from Mexico to work on American farms.
12. internment: temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group.
13. Korematsu vs. United States: a court case that involved Japanese Americans going to court to seek their rights.
14. 442nd Regimental Combat Team: fought in the Italian campaign and became the most decorated military unit in American history.
15. rationing: government-controlled limits on the amount of certain goods that civilians could buy during wartime.
16. OWI: government agency that encouraged the support of the war effort during World War 2.
17. D-Day: June 6, 1944, the day Allies landed on the beaches of Normandy, France.
18. Battle of the Bulge: in December 1944, Hitler ordered a counterattack on Allied troops in Belgium, but it crippled Germany by using up reserves and demoralizing its troops.
19. Harry S. Truman: the new President after FDR died.
20. island hopping: World War 2 strategy that involved seizing selected Japanese-held islands in the Pacific while bypassing others.
21. kamikaze: Japanese pilots who deliberately crashed planes into American ships during World War 2.
22. Albert Einstein: the world's most famous scientist.
23. Manhattan Project: code name of the project that developed the atomic bomb.
24. J. Robert Oppenheimer: one of the two primary leaders of the Manhattan Project.
25. Holocaust: name now used to describe the systematic murder of Jews by the Nazis.
26. anti-Semitism: prejudice and discrimination against Jewish people.
27. Nuremberg Laws: laws enacted by Hitler that denied German citizenship to Jews.
28. Kristallnacht: "Night of the Broken Glass" organized attacks on Jewish communities in Germany on November 9, 1938.
29. genocide: willful annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural group.
30. concentration camp: camps used by the Nazis to imprison "undesirable" members of society.
31. death camp: Nazi camp designed for the extermination of prisoners.
32. War Refugee Board: U.S. government agency founded in 1944 to save Eastern European Jews.
33. Yalta Conference: 1945 strategy meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin.
34. superpower: powerful country that plays a dominant economic, political, and military role in the world.
35. GATT: international agreement first signed in 1947 aimed at lowering trade barriers.
36. United Nations: organization founded in 1945 to promote peace.
37. Universal Declaration of Human Rights: document issued by the UN to promote basic human rights and freedoms.
38. Geneva Convention: international agreement governing the humane treatment of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war.
39. Nuremberg Trials: trials in which Nazi leaders were charged with war crimes.
Created by: kirstenbwarner
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