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Phlebotomy study

Tools, Techniques, & Equipment

QuestionAnswer
Blood Collection Basics: (What the Standard Phlebotomy Cart/Tray contains. Contains the following: Needles, Needle disposal containers(mini sharps box), Needle holders, Collection Tubes(various colored tops), Syringes, Butterfly needles, Marking pens, Tourniquets, Antiseptics, Gauze Pads, Bandages, gloves.
Tourniquets: Most commonly used is a flat strip,stretchable latex, 15-18 in. Blood pressure cuffs can also be used.
Latex Turniquets: Advantage is they are inexspensive and disposable. But beware of patient having allergic reactions.
Gloves: Latex gloves have proved to be preventive of transmission of infectious diseases. Nitrile goves have also been used. No powder.
Needles. The plebotomist must know two ciritical things for any given blood draw: 1) Whick kind of needle to use. 2) Which kind of tube to use. Needles should be sterile, and disposable.
Lumen The hollow tube within the shaft of the needle.
Gauge The diameter of the lumen, needle packs are color-coded by gauge for easy identification. Choice of gauge depends on the type of blood collection and the condition of the patient.
Largest Diameter of a needle is: 16 gauge, typically used at blood banks to collect blood.
The smallest diameter needle used: 23 gauge needle, used for small fragile veins.
A 20 to 21 gauge needle: Used when collection routine blood samples fro adult patients.
Hub: Place where the needle ataches to the collecting tube or syringe.
Needle type (Multi-sample needles): Used for most blood collections, a multisample needle is used which is a double ended needle; one tip of the needle pierces the patient' skin while the othe end is inserted into the evacuation tube.
Needle type (Safety Syringe needles): Patients with small or fragile veins benefit most from the use of syringe because the vacc\uum of the collection tube is likely to cause the vein to collapse; with a syringe, suction can be applied slowl and gradually, so to be more gentle.
22 gauge Safety Syringe needles come in a vaiety of sizes. Most commonly used is 22 gauge that is an inch long.
Butterfly needles Used for small and fragile veins.
Needle Adapters (Tube Holder) is ensured to use a good connection between them.
A Needle Adapter A translucent plastic cylinder with one small end that accepts the needle, while the other end has a wide opening that accepts the collection tube. Needle Adapters come in different sizes.
Evacuated Blood Collection Tubes: Used with both evacuated tube system and syringe method.
Most direct and efficient method for obtaining blood specimen. Blood collected directly into the tube.
Evacuation Tubes Also used for transferring blood from syringe into tubes.
Placed in a before Pushing a needle into the tube top in order to prevent damage to the cellular components, causes Hemolysis.
Three components of Evacuated Tube System; Evacuated Sample tube. Multi-Sample needle. Needle Holder.
Double pointed needl Enters the vein, the other end pierces the top of the tube, and the vacuum aspirates the blood.
Color Coated Evacuation Tubes Ensures that the physician's prescription is followed: Type of Blood Draw. Additive in the tube. Specimen to be tested.
The Colored Tube Tops Thick Rubber Stoppers, or with Plastic tops. Exception to plastic tubes is red-topped glass tubes.
Red Glass Tubes Used only for serum collection and contains NO additives; come in sizes ranging from 2 to 15 ml.
The Evacuation Tube size is selected according to: Age of patient. Amount of blood needed for the test. Size and condition of the patient's vein. Must be careful to match needle size to the tube size; the wrong size tube and needle combination could render the drawn sample useless.
Some Evacuation Tubes are coated on the inside with Silicon to: Prevent destruction of RBC's Prevent Blood from sticking to the sides of the tube. Prevent activitation of clotting factors.
Without Additives Blood collected in tubes without will clot and yield serum.
Tubes that contain Additives: May or may not clot, dependin on the type of additive they contain.
Tubes Specifically designed to be used with Chemistry, Hematology or microbiology instrumentation.
Created by: drehmon2237
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