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F&E exam 1

fluid and electrolytes

QuestionAnswer
Normal Mg level 1.5-2.5
Normal K level 3.5-5
Normal Ca level 8.5-10.5
S/S of hypomagnesmia anorexia, neruo irritability, depression, disorientation
S/S of hypermagnesmia flushing, hypotension, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, depressed RR, bradycardia
S/S of hypokalemia fatigue, nausea, decreased GI, flat T waves on ECG, DYSRHYTHMIAS
S/S of hyperkalemia DYSRHTHMIAS, bradycardia, msucle weakness
S/S of hypocalcemia tingling, convulsions, positive Trousseau & Chvostek sign, diarrhea
S/S of hypercalcemia constipation, muscle weakness, DYSRHYTHMIAS
Normal pH 7.35-7.45
Normal CO2 45-35
Normal HCO3 22-26
Cause of resp acidosis hypoventilation, COPD, pneumonia
Cause of met acid Renal failure, shock, DKA
Cause of res alk Hyperventilation, mechanical ventilation
Cause of met alk Vomitting, excessive Gi suctioning, diuretics
What electrolyte decrease clacium level? phosphate
What is the main postive cation in ICF? potassium (K)
What is the main positive cation in ECF? Sodium (Na)
Normal Na level 135-145
S/S of hypernatremia thirst, increase temp, dry swollen tounge, weakness, restlessness
S/S of hyponatremia decreased skin turgor, dry mouth, neuro changes, abdominal pain
treatment for hyponatremia restrict fluids
tx for hypernatremia hypotonic solution, diuretic
tx for hypokalemia incrase dietary potassium
tx for hyperkalemia iv ca gluconate, kayexelate, iv reg insulin + D50
tx for hypermagnesmia iv ca gluconate, loop diuretic
tx for hypomagnesmia dietary
tx for hypocalcemia calcium supplements
tx for hypercalcemia phosphate, lasix, flush out
What is done to compensate for met acid Kussmaul breathing
lab vaules for anemics hgb <10, hct <36, RBC <4
erythropoesis rbc production
hemolysis destruction of rbc
neutropenia neutrophil count <1000
leukopenia wbc < 4000 or 4
pancytopenia decrease rbc, wbc and platelets
thrombocytopenia decrease of platelets below 150,000
hemophilia sex linked defect of coag factor
Created by: briannatapia
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