Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Med Surg exam #2

QuestionAnswer
Blood flow pattern: R atria receives blood from periphery via the inferior & superior vena cava Blood flows into RV then to the PA and the lungs for O2 O2 blood flows back to the left side of the heart via the PV O2 blood flows thru the LA and LV and outbody via the aor
Left & right coronary arteries provide oxygenated blood to the myocardium
Atrioventricular valves: (separate the atria and the ventricles) tricuspid right mitral left
Semilunar valves: pulmonic between RV and PA aortic between LV and aorta
Depolarization myocardial contraction Sodium ions enter cells altering permeability of cell membrane to calcium Calcium enters cells and is released from intracellular stores
Repolarization cells returning to resting state myocardial relaxation K comes back in
Stroke volume amount of blood ejected from the ventricle per heartbeat
Cardiac output the amount of blood ejected per minute
Factors affecting heart rate activity, SA node function, adrenal & thyroid function, baroreceptors in aortic arch & carotids that respond to hyper/hypotensive events
Factors affecting stroke volume preload, afterload, diureses, vasodilators, contractility, ejection fraction (pushed out from the heart)
Preload Degree of stretch in cardiac muscle at end of diastole
Afterload Degree of resistance the heart is pumping against Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)- pressure left ventricle contracts against Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)- pressure the right ventricle contracts against
Contractility force generated by the myocardium Decreased by hypoxemia, acidosis, beta adrenergic blocking agents Tenormin (atenolol), Lopressor (metoprolol) Enhanced by circulating catecholamines, sympathetic stimulation, medications Digoxin, dopamine, dobutamine
S/S of Cardiac problems Chest pain or pressure Shortness of breath (not enough 02, fluid in lungs) Edema and weight gain (HF) Palpitations(abnormal heart rythm),(racing, butterflies) Fatigue (heart pumps harder tires more easy) Dizziness or Syncope
Physical Assessment Skin Blood pressure (perfusion) Pulses Heart inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation Inspection of extremities(edema, perfusion, ulcers,) Lung assessment Abdominal assessment
Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves creates the first heart sound (S1)
Closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves produces the second heart sound (S2
Cardiac enzymes CK elevation indicates muscle involvement LDH rises & peaks later than CK
CK-MB specific for MI Relative Index (RI)= percentage of CK-MB per CK
Myoglobin (cardiac marker) Small molecular weight protein Released from damaged cardiac muscle Rises within 1-3 hours after MI Elevation may occur with other muscle damage
Troponin I & T: proteins found only in cardiac muscle (cardiac marker) Highly specific for myocardial injury
Diagnostic tests Chest x-ray and fluoroscopy (shows HF, enlarged) Electrocardiography
Diagnostic tests con't Cardiac stress testing (chemical, meds, treadmill) (NPO4Hr, no caffeine, B-blockers) Echocardiography(chambers, valves) Radionuclide Imaging Cardiac Catheterization Angiography Electrophysiologic testing
Created by: ethompso08
Popular Nursing sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards