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11 Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What made possible the American industrial growth of the late 1800s? | technological advances |
| What actions by the govrnment contributed to the building of the Transcontinental Railroad? | Awarding loans and land grants to private companies to build the railroad. |
| What did critics call powerful industrialists during the late 1800s? | robber barons |
| How did industrial growth affect the distribution of wealth in the US? | Wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few industrialists |
| What revolutionized American communications in the late 1800s? | The telegraph and telephone |
| What was the goal of the Sherman Antitrust Act? | To promote fair industrial competition |
| In the West, what was the result of the combination of big business and new agricultural techniques? | Bonanza farms |
| What was a major result of both immigration and the increased productivity of factory jobs in the late 1800s? | The rapid expansion of urban areas |
| As women began to make their way into professional jobs, what fields were open to them? | education, healthcare, and social work |
| What event halted Progressivism? | WWI |
| Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel entitled -The Jungle- exposed dangerous workplace conditions in what area? | The meatpacking industry |
| What did the Muckrakers write about? | Exposing political and business corruption |
| What did the efforts of Florence Kelley convince many state to abolish? | child labor |
| What did Progressives agree that the government should do? | Protect workers and help the poor. |
| What was a major economic argument for imperialism? | The US markets needed new markets for its goods. |
| What was the central message of the Roosevelt Corollary? | The US would use force to prevent intervention in the affairs of neighboring countries |
| What did the US gain as a result of the Spanish-American War? | The Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico became US territories. |
| What event sparked WWI? | The assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Francis Ferdinand |
| What was a major factor in the US entering WWI? | Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare |
| What was the purpose of the convoy system? | To transport troops safely across the Atlantic. |
| What was true of African American soldiers during WWI? | They were segregated and rarely allowed to fight |
| What role did the federal government play in the economy during WWI? | The government regulated the production of war goods. |
| Even though they were relatively few in number, what did flappers represent in the 1920s? | Women's desire to break with the past. |
| Wht was one result of Prohibition during the 1920s? | The rise in organized crime |
| Who was the first woman to swim across the English Channel? | Gertrude Ederle |
| Who brought Jazz to northern cities? | Southern African Americans |
| What did Marcus Garvey urge African Americans to do? | Return to Africa |
| What legal right was at issue in the Scopes trial? | The right to teach evolution in schools. |
| What was the cause of the Red Scare? | The Russian Revolution |
| What American views were reflected by practices such as buying on margin? | The "get rich-quick" attitude |
| What group suffered despite the prosperity of the 1920s? | farmers and factory workers |
| What happened when the Dow Jones Industrial Average began to drop sharply in late October 1929? | Investors raced to get their money out of the stock market |
| What major environmental crisis occurred during the 1930s? | The Dust Bowl |
| How were African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans affected during the Great Depression? | They often lost jobs to white laborers |
| Uneven prosperity, personal debt, and overproduction were all warning signs of an unsound economy. What was another danger sign? | Stock market speculation |
| In 1933, what did the twenty-first amendment end? | Prohibition |
| What was one effect of the wage cuts and unemployment of the 1930s? | Hoovervilles sprang up in the nation's cities |
| What contributed to Franklin Roosevelt's victory in the 1932 presidential election? | A New Deal for Americans |
| What characterizes Roosevelt's first hundred days in office? | He pushed Congress to pass legislation to improve the economy. |
| By 1910, why were nearly 60% of American children in school? | Many states required school attendance by law. |
| Who did the American Federation of Labor organize? | skilled workers |
| How did President Taft continue Theodore Roosevelt's progressive programs? | By continuing to bring antitrust cases to court |
| What best describes the lifestyle of homesteaders? | Homesteaders often had to struggle - even for the necessities. |
| What role did the federal government play in the economy during WWI? | The government regulated the production of war goods. |
| What was the Great Migration? | The movement of African Americans to northern cities |
| Even though relatively few in number, what did flappers represent? | Women's desire to break with the past. |
| How did life change for American women in the 1920s? | Women's fashions |
| Why did some states ban the teaching of evolution in the schools? | The theory seemed to contradict the Bible's account of creation. |
| What did the growth of radio and other mass media in the 1920s produce? | A national culture |
| What did people listen to in the popular Harlem clubs in New York City? | Jazz |
| What reflected the new morals and manners of the 1920s? | Women's fashions |
| Who were the main targets of the Ku Klux Klan's terror? | African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and immigrants |
| What did the fundamentalists believe, in addition to supporting traditional Christian ideas? | A literal, strict, interpretation of the Bible |
| What generally marked the economy of the Roaring 1920s? | Rising stock prices with buying on the margin |
| What was one sign that the economy might be weakening in the 1920s? | Uneven distribution of national wealth |
| What best describes the American economy in the 1920s? | Stock prices rose and the economy appeared healthy |
| What was a sign of an unsound economy during the 1920s? | More goods were being produced than consumers could buy. |
| During the Depression of the 1930s, what did many African Americans experience? | Worsening conditions and discrimination in job and relief programs. |
| Not long after Black Tuesday, who did the stock market crash affect? | Millions of Americans, many of whom had never owned stocks. |
| What year did WWI begin? | 1914 |
| What did Republican presidents in the 1920s generally favor? | Business |
| Who was the photographer who showed the nation the desperation and bravery of families during the Great Depression? | Dorothea Lange |
| What was the effect of the collapse of the American economic system during the 1930s? | It led to a worldwide depression. |
| Which Franklin Roosevelt program was designed to help farmers? | Agriclultural Adjustment Act (AAA) |
| What was the Second New Deal? | It was legislation aimed at helping ordinary Americans. |
| What became the federal government's responsibility as a result of the Social Security Act? | The welfare of the needy elderly, poor, and handicapped. |
| What portrayed Franklin Roosevelt as trying to dominate the Judicial Branch of government? | His attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court. |
| Who developed a program called "Share-Our-Wealth"? | Huey P. Long of Louisiana |
| What describes unions during the New Deal? | They were legalized and grew stronger |
| What was the Supreme Court's decision in the case of - Plessy v. Ferguson - ? | It established the "separate-but-equal" doctrine, upholding segregation |
| How did John D. Rockefeller gain control over much of the oil industry? | by managing a trust made up of Standard Oil and allied companies. |
| Why were industrialists during the age of big business called "captains of industry"? | They increased the supply of goods and created many new jobs. |
| Why did children often work in factories during the late 1800s? | because families neended the income to survive |
| What did the "yellow dog contracts" specify? | that workers would not join labor unions |
| What did nineteenth-century supporters of assimilation attempt to teach Native American children? | American ways |
| How did the governemnt respond to the Pullman Strike? | by using federal troops to control the workers. |
| What attracted meny Asians to the US in the late 1800s? | jobs with American railroad companies |
| How did Andrew Carnegie gain control of the steel industry? | by practicing vertical consolidation |
| What was the purpose of the Ghost Dance movement? | to return to a traditional way of life |
| What marked an end of the wars between the federal government and the Plains Indians? | the Massacre at Wounded Knee |
| What is true of the Gentlemen's Agreement? | It decreased Japanese immigration |
| What describes urban areas by the early 1900s? | slums and tenements |
| What was the main objective of teh nativists? | to restrict immigration |
| What was one reason the US became more urban during the late 1800s? | Farm machines and factory-made goods reduced the need for farm labor. |
| Where were most immigrants coming from during the 1890s? | southern and eastern European countries |
| What was one requirement that applicants had to meet to receive land under the Homestead Act> | to encourage white families to develop the West |
| After the Dawes Act, what goals did white reformers set for Native Americans? | Native Americans should become farmers and adopt white culture |
| According to the theory of Social Darwinism, what was the role of governemnt in economic matter? | to stay out of the affairs of business |
| fIn the Turner Thesis, whatwas Frederick Jackson Turner's opinion of the frontier? | It helped create the strong, individualistic American spirit. |
| What was the result of farm mechanization? | an incerase in farm production |
| What happened at the Massacre at Wounded Knee? | American soldiers killed more than 200 unarmed Sioux |
| WHy did African AMerican Exodusters migrate west? | to escape racial violence in the South |
| What was the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act? | to regulate railroad |
| Who gave the "Cross of Gold" speech? | William Jennings Bryan |
| What did the Populists support? | A progressive income tax |
| What was a major eomplaint of farmers in the late 1800s? | railroad tariffs |
| What was the emphasis of the Cross of Gold speech? | a plea for silver |
| What led to government regulation of businesses during the Gilded Age? | unfair business practices |
| Who was teh politicat cartoonist that exposed the corruption of "Boss" Tweed? | Thomas Nast |
| What was the main goal of the social gospel and settlement movements? | to improve living conditions for the poor. |
| Why was the Pendleton Civil Service Act passed? | to end the spoils system |
| Why did political machines gain power in the late 1800s? | because they provided jobs and other help for immigrants. |
| What was Tammany Hall? | Teh New York City political machine |
| Why did Jane Addams open the Hull House? | to assist the urban poor |
| Why did parents pressure local governments to reform public schools? | to extend their children's basic knowledge beyond the basic skills |
| According to Prohibition groups, what was linked to drinking? | lower public morals |
| What was the purpose of the Niagara Movement? | to grant full civil liberities for African Americans |
| How were African Americans discriminated against after Reconstruction? | by using poll taxes and literacy tests |
| What was the fee that some Southern states demanded before a person could vote? | a poll tax |
| Who was the noted African American scientist and agricultural researcher that worked at Tuskegee Institute? | George Washington Carver |
| What did Booker T. Washington think a student's main focus in school should be? | economic security |
| Jim Crow laws were instituted in the South after the Civil War. What was the effect of these laws? | it restricted the rights of African Americans |
| What did W.E.B. Du Bois encourage studnets to seek in school? | a liberal arts education |
| What did Theodore Roosevelt vigorously enforce? | The Sherman Antitrust Act |
| Who formed the Bull Moose Party when he could not run on the Republican ticket? | Theodore Roosevelt |
| Why was the NAACP founded? | to fight discrimination through the courts |
| What was one reason Woodrow Wilson won the presidential election of 1912? | There was a split in the Republican vote |
| What does the Seventeenth Amendment allow? | the direct election of US senators |
| Who was Madam C. J. Walker? | a properous African American owner of a mail-order business |
| WHat was the goal of the Chinese revolutionaries during the Boxer Rebellion? | to remove foreign influence from China |
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dennamorris
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