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AP HG Ch 10 Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Agribusiness Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
Agriculture The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
Cereal Grain A grass yielding grain for food.
chaff Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.
combine A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans gram while moving over a field.
commercial agriculture Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.
crop Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.
crop rotation The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.
desertification the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert
double cropping Harvesting twice a year from the same field.
grain Seed of a cereal grass.
green revolution Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
horticulture The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
hull The outer covering of a seed.
intensive subsistence agriculture A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
milkshed The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.
paddy Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.
pastoral nomadism A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
pasture Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing.
plantation A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.
prime agricultural land the most productive farmland
ranching A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
reaper A machine that cuts grain standing in the field.
ridge tillage System of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.
sawah A flooded field for growing rice
seed agriculture Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization.
shifting cultivation A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
slash and burn agriculture Another name for shifring cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.
spring wheat Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.
subsistence agriculture Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family
sustainable agriculture Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil- restoring crops with cash crops and reducing in-puts of fertilizer and pesticides.
swidden A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.
thresh To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it.
transhumace The seasoned migration of livestock between mountains and low land pastures.
truck farming Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning batering or the exchange of commodities.
vegetative planting reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants
wet rice Rice planted on dryland in a nursery, then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.
winnow To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind.
winter wheat Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the summer.
Created by: mary1234567890
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