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Unit 23.
Physical Therarpy (update)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What exercises are done to maintain the health of the musculoskeletal system. | Range-of-motion (ROM) |
| physical therapists or registered nurses may perform ROM exercises to the head and neck in only | some states and health care facilities, |
| Lack of exercise can cause | poor appetite, constipation, urinary infections, and respiratory problems. |
| Never force any joint beyond its | ROM or cause pain while exercising a joint. |
| If crutches apply pressure to the axillary area what can happen? | nerves and blood vessels in the arm can be damaged |
| A swing-through gait requires the patient to have | more arm and shoulder strength. |
| What type of shoes should a patient wear while walking with a cane, walker, or crutches | low, heels approximately 1 to 1 1/2 inches high and nonskid soles |
| How should a cane be properly fitted, | the top of the cane handle should be level with the top of the femur at the hip joint. |
| A patient should be taught to lift a walker and position it so | the back legs of the walker are even with the toes. |
| The purpose of a gait belt is to | help stabilize the patient’s center of balance. |
| If loops are not present on a gait belt, a health care assistant should | use an underhand grasp to hold on to the belt. |
| A physician’s order is required for | a heat or cold application |
| Special attention must be given to infants and elderly patients when heat applications are in place, because | the skin of these patients is less resistant and burns can occur rapidly. |
| Why should a warm water bag or ice bag always be covered | to prevent injury to the skin |
| What type of packs should not be recommended for use on the face or head? | Chemical cold or heat packs are not recommended for use on the face or head. |
| What is the purpose of a sitz bath? | to provide warm moist heat to the perineal and rectal area. |
| Hydrocollator packs are gel-filled packs that are warmed in a water bath at a temperature of | 150° to 170°F. |
| What type of water should be used in an aquamatic unit? | Distilled |
| Why would you place an ice bag on top of a cold compress? | to help maintain the temperature of the compress. |
| What is the purpose of a cold application? | to relieve pain, reduce swelling, and control bleeding. |
| What must be worn at all times while applying a warm compress to a draining wound | gloves |
| What disease process may cause patients to have limited ROM? | osteoporosis |
| The use of a transfer belt is contraindicated (should not be used) in patients who have | an ostomy, abdominal pacemaker, fractured ribs, or severe cardiac or respiratory disease. |
| What should be removed from an area before a heat or cold application is applied. | metal objects, such as rings, bracelets, necklaces, and watches. |
| Range-of-motion exercises performed by patients who are able to move each joint without assistance are ____. | active |
| Range-of-motion exercises administered by another person who moves each joint for a patient who is not able to exercise are ____. | passive |
| During ROM exercise, each movement should be performed ____. | three to five times |
| Movements should be slow, smooth, and gentle. Support should be provided to the parts above and below the joint being exercised. The patient should be encouraged to assist as much as possible. | principlies that should be observed while performing ROM exercises |
| How much space should there be between a person’s armpit and the axillary bar of correctly fitted crutches? | 2 inches |
| Which is the first gait taught to a patient who can bear weight on only one foot while walking with crutches | three-point |
| Which crutches are recommended for patients who cannot grip the handles of other crutches or bear weight on the wrist and hands? | platform crutches |
| The type of cane that has four legs and a handlebar the patient can grip is a ____. | , walkcane, hemiwalker or quad cane |
| Heat applications ____. | bring more oxygen and nutrients to an area to stimulate healing |
| An example of a moist heat application is a/an ____. | warm compress |
| The temperature for a warm water bag should not exceed ____. | 120°F |
| The temperature for an aquamatic pad is usually set at ____. | 95° to 105°F |
| Which of the following devices has an automatic temperature control to maintain the water temperature during a sitz bath? | sitz chair |
| The type of ROM that maintains joint function and movement, and helps prevent deformities, but does not strengthen muscles is ____. | passive |
| The correct term for cold applications is ____. | cryotherapy |
| Moving the wrist toward the little finger side | Ulnar deviation |
| Turning the forearm and hand so the palm of the hand is down | Pronation |
| Excessive straightening of a body part | Hyperextension |
| Turning the head from side to side | Rotation |
| Moving the arm out from the side of the body | Abduction |
| Straightening the lower arm away from the upper arm | Extension |
| Straightening the foot away from the knee | Plantar flexion |
| Bending the lower leg up toward the upper leg | Flexion |
| Turning the foot outward | Eversion |
| Moving the fingers toward each other | Adduction |
| Moving in a circle at a joint | Circumduction |
| Bending the foot toward the knee | Dorsiflexion |
| Turning the hand so the palm is up | Supination |
| Moving the fingers toward the thumb side of the hand | Radial deviation |
| Turning the foot inward | Inversion |
| contracture, muscle weakness, joint stiffness, circulatory impairment, blood clots, pressure ulcers, mineral loss, renal calculi, poor appetite, constipation, urinary infections, respiratory problems, hypostatic pneumonia | problems that can be caused by lack of movement and inactivity |
| right foot, left crutch, left foot, right crutch | steps for a four-point gait while walking with crutches |
| color of skin, temperature of skin, amount of pain and bleeding, effect on circulation, condition of application (refill water or ice bags) | factors that must be checked frequently when a heat or cold application has been applied |
| ice bag, ice collar, hypothermia blanket | examples of a dry cold application |
| condition of skin, patient’s comments on effectiveness of treatment | should be noted when a heat application is removed from a patient’s skin |
| In some states and health care facilities who may perform ROM exercises to the head and neck? | Physical therapists or registered nurses |
| Gelled-filled packs that are warmed in a water bath at a temperature of 150° to 170° F. | Hydrocollator packs |
| A tightening of a muscle relulting in a permanent extension of a joint is called | a contracture |
| To perform ROM exercises on the shoulder, support the patient's: | arm by placing one hand at the wrist and the other hand at the elbow |
| an artificial support tht assist a patient who needs help walking is called | crutches |
| To fit a patient a patient for crutches, position the crutches how many inches in front of and how many inches to the side of the patient's feet | 4-6 inches in front and 2-4 inches to the side. |
| Which side of the body should a cane be used side to provide the best support | unaffected (good) side |
| If a patient starts to fall while ambulating, use your body to brace the patient and bend from what area to gently ease the patient to the floor | hips and knees |
| Do not place an ice bag directly on the patient's | skin |
| A blanket that is used to reduce high body temperatures; | Hypothermia blanket |
| A blanket that is used to increase low body tempeatures: | Hyperthermia blanket |
| The container of a portable sitz bath unit should be filled with water at what temperature: | 105° F |
| If a patient has a weak side where should your position yourself when assisting with a walker: | the patient's weak side |
| What applications cause vessels to become smaller (constricted) | cold applications |
| What applications cause vessels to become larger (dilated) | heat applications |
| A ROM exercise that touches each of the fingers with the tip of the thumb is called | Opposition |
| Rolling walkers have wheels and are easily pushed by a patient who uses a walker primarily for | balance |
| When circulation of blood is affected, and blood clots and pressure ulcers may develop it is called: | circulatory impairment |
| Inactivity causes: | mineral loss, especially of calcium from the bones. |
| Bones become brittle and fractures occur due to: | mineral loss |
| What degree angle should the elbows be flexed at when a patient is fitted for crutches, a cane, or a walker? | 25-30 degrees |
| Two things should be noted when a heat application is removed from a patient's skin? | condition of skin, patient's comments on effectiveness of treatment |
| Examples of a dry cold applications: | ice bag, ice collar, hypothermia blanket |
| Factors that must be checked frequently when a heat or cold application has been applied: | color of skin, amount of pain and bleeding, effect on circulation, condition of application (refill water or ice bags) |
| What are the steps for a four-point gait while walking with crutches: | right crutch, left foot, left crutch, right foot |
| Problems that can be cause by lack of movement and inactivity: | contracture, muscle weakness, joint stiffness, circulatory impairment, blood clots, pressure ulcers, mineral loss, renal calculi,, poor appetite, constipation, urinary infections, respiratory problems, hypostatic pneumonia |
| Moving the lower arm away from upper arm is called | extension |
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Health Science
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