Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
TL toddlerhood
From the study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The toddler period is between what ages? | 12-36 months of age |
| By what age is birth weight quadrupled? | 2 ½ years |
| Adult height can be estimated by doubling the toddler’s height at what age? | 2 years |
| What does the child’s growth look like when plotted on a growth chart? | a steady curve that is step like in nature rather than straight, reflecting growth spurts |
| Why does the toddler exhibit a squat, potbellied appearance? | Because of the less developed abdominal musculature and short legs |
| What visual acuity is considered acceptable during the toddler years? | 20/40 |
| What is one of the most prominent changes to the toddler’s GI system? | with complete myelination of the spinal cord control of the anal and urethral sphincter is gradually achieved allow for voluntary control of elimination |
| What is the major gross motor skill acquired by the toddler? | locomotion |
| What are the 7 major psychosocial developmental tasks that must be dealt with during the toddler years? | differentiation of self from others, toleration of separation from parent, ability to withstand delayed gratification, control over bodily functions, social acceptable behavior, verbal communication, interactions that are less egocentric |
| What is the task of the toddler according to Erikson? | develop a sense of autonomy while overcoming shame and doubt |
| What are two typical characteristics of a toddler in their quest for autonomy? | negativism and ritualism |
| What characteristic is being displayed by the toddlers frequent “NO!”? | Negativism |
| A need to maintain sameness and reliability providing a sense of comfort | Ritualism |
| What ability evidences the development of the ego according to Erikson? | the ability to tolerate delayed gratification |
| According to Piaget a child of 21 months of age is in what stage? | invention of new means through mental combinations |
| What level of cognitive development does the toddler enter at approximately 2 years of age? | the preconceptual phase |
| The transitional phase that bridges the self-satisfying of infancy and the rudimentary socialized behavior of latency | Preconceptual phase |
| How can a toddler’s reasoning best be described? | Transductive |
| Define transductive reasoning | reasoning from the particular to the particular |
| Define domestic mimicry. | imitating household behaviors |
| Define Centration. | the tendency to focus on one aspect rather than considering all possible alternatives |
| Define Ritualism. | The need to maintain sameness and reliability |
| Define Animism | Attribution of lifelike qualities to inanimate objects ( cute example: In response to ocean waves splashing on her feet my granddaughter excitedly exclaimed, “It’s playing with me!”) |
| Define negativism | Persistent negative response to requests |
| The development of body image closely parallels what? | cognitive development |
| What kind of procedures are especially troubling to toddlers? | intrusive procedures ( looking in mouth or ears) |
| What can nurses do to help promote positive body image for the toddler? | Educate parents that body image is developing in toddlerhood, good time to foster positive body image |
| Define the process of separation. | emergence from a symbiotic fusion with the mother |
| Define the process of individuation. | achievements that mark the child’s expression of their individual characteristics in the environment |
| Define rapproachment | The child moves away from the mother and returns for reassurance |
| Define transitional object. | an item the child uses for security or comfort especially when separated from the parent or when facing new stresses (Security blanket) |
| What is the most striking feature of language development in toddlerhood? | The increasing level of comprehension, even though the number of words from 4 at one year to 300 at two is notable, the child’s ability to comprehend words exceeds his ability to say them |
| By two the toddler has a vocabulary of how many words? | 300 |
| By two what percentage of the toddler’s speech is understandable? | 65% |
| What developing skill is evident in all areas of behavior of the toddler? | independence |
| What kind of play develops in toddlerhood? | parallel play |
| Define parallel play. | the child plays alongside, not with, other children |
| What happens to birth weight by 30months? | quadrupled |
| When does physical and physiological readiness for toilet training develop (approximately)? | between 18 and 24 months |
| What are the five markers of readiness for potty training? | bladder readiness, bowel readiness, cognitive readiness, motor readiness, psychologic readiness, |
| Which comes first usually ability to pooh in the potty or pee in the potty? | Bowel training is usually accomplished before bladder training. |
| For which child is sibling rivalry most pronounced due to “dethroning”? | First born |
| What advice should we give parents about when to begin preparing their toddler for the birth of a sibling? | Time is a vague concept for toddlers. Preparing too soon is not going to work. Start talking about the baby when the toddler becomes aware of the pregnancy and the changes taking place in the home in anticipation of the new member. |
| What advice can we give parents to reduce sibling rivalry with the new born? | Include the toddler in care-giving activities |
| What is common disturbing way that toddlers assert their independence? | Temper tantrums |
| What can a parent reduce to deal with negativism? | Reduce questions that give opportunity for a “no” answer. Instead of saying, “Can I listen to your heart?” say, “I am going to listen to your heart.” Offering choices such as peanut-butter and jelly or chicken soup gives the child a sense of control. |
| What phenomenon reflects the decreased nutritional needs of the toddler? | physiologic anorexia |
| Retreat from one’s usual pattern of functioning to past levels of behavior | regression |
| What advice can we give parents to help them determine an appropriate serving size for their toddler? | one tablespoon of solid food for each year of age ( for easily measured foods like rice) or ¼ to 1/3 of an adult portion (for foods like bread or milk) |
| Define Grazing | nibbling and snacking – good way to provide nutrition to the toddler if the choices offered are nutritionally sound |
| What are the most effective methods for plaque removal? | brushing and flossing |
| What are the recommendations for milk intake after 1 year? | two to three servings (24 to 30 ounces) |
| What problems result from too much milk after 1 year? | Kids get full on milk and don’t get a broad range of nutrients that would come from varied foods or possibly resulting in a deficiency of iron. |
| What are some foods that would provide a toddler iron? | iron fortified cereals, red meats, poultry, fish, green leafy vegetables, dried fruit, beans |
| About when does the iron reserve the child got from mom run out? | about 6 months |
| What is the recommend intake of calcium for kids 1-3years of age? | 500mg |
| What are some good food choices for calcium? | milk, cheese, yogurt, legumes, broccoli, collard greens, kale |
| What are some good food choices for vitamin D? | fish, fish oil, egg yolks |
| Since toddlers need about 30% of their calories from fat whole milk is recommended as a source of fat until what age? | 2 years |
| Tooth decay is reduced when adequate amounts of what is taken in? | Flouride |
| Define cariogenic and name the big offenders. | Cariogenic = promotes dental caries; Sugars especially sucrose are highly cariogenic. |
| Define nursing bottle caries. | Caries that results from giving the child a bottle at nap or bedtime |
| BLANK cause more deaths in children 4 years of age or younger than in any other childhood period except adolescence. | Injuries |
| What can nurses do to prevent injuries in toddlers? | Teach injury prevention |
| Why are injuries so common among toddlers? | locomotion combined with unawareness of danger |
| When is the convertible restraint car seat switched to the forward-facing position? | When the child weighs 20lbs and is 1 year of age |
| When can children be switched to regular seat belt restraints? | when the child is 4 foot 9 inches tall and 8-12 years of age |
| What is the major reason for accidental poisoning in young children? | improper storage of toxins |
| BLANK causes more accidental deaths in all pediatric age groups after age one year than any other type of injury or disease and are responsible for almost half of all accidental deaths among children 1-4 years old. | Motor Vehicle Injuries |
| What toddler age corresponds with these physical characteristics: steady growth in height and weight, head circumference 19inches, weigh 24 lbs, height 31 inches? | 15 months |
| A mother of a 2 year old is concerned because her son has only gained 2 lbs and 2 inches since his 18 month check up. What information about toddler growth can we offer? | Toddler growth takes place in spurts and plateaus |
| Name three milestones for the 2 year old in gross motor development. | up and down stairs both feet each step, runs well with wide stance, picks stuff up without falling, can kick a ball forward |
| Name three milestones for the 2 year old in fine motor development. | can build a tower of 6-7 cubes, aligns 2 or more cubes like a train, turns book pages one at a time, vertical and circular strokes when drawing, turn doorknobs, unscrew lids |
| Name three milestones for the 2 year old in language development. | vocabulary of 300 words, 2-3 word phrases, pronouns, understands directional commands, gives first name, can tell you when they need to potty, talks incessantly |
| Define parallel play. | play alongside other children |
Created by:
Perseverandovercome
Popular Nursing sets