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68WM6-Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the building blocks out of which proteins are constructed, the end products of protein digestion | amino acids |
| the building and repairing phase of metabolism | anabolism |
| a psychoneurotic disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat; self-imposed starvation | anorexia nervosa |
| the amount of energy used by the body at rest | basic metabolic rate |
| an estimate used to determine if a person may be at risk because of excessive weight, used ot define obesity | BMI |
| an eating disorder involving an insatiable craving for food, often resulting in binge eating follew py depression, self-deprivation, and purging | bulimia nervosa |
| the breakdown or destructive phase of metabolism | catabolism |
| fat-soluble sterol found in animal fats and oils, organ meats, and egg yolk | cholesterol |
| generic term for non-digestible chemical substances found in plants | dietary fiber |
| caused by the contents of the stomach emptying too quickly into the duodenum; persipiration, nausea, vertigo, diarrhea, and weakness are the symptoms; usually associated with gastric bypass or partial gastrectomy | dumping syndrome |
| administration of nutrients into the GI tract | Enteral nutrition |
| nutrients that the body cannot make that must be obtained from the diet | essential nutrients |
| carbohydrates stored in the liver and skeletal muscles | glycogen |
| a process in which hydrogen is added to vegetable oil to make it solid | hydrogenation |
| a measurment of energy or the amount of energy a specific food can provide to the body | kilocalorie |
| group name of organic substances of a fatty nature, which are insoluble in water. | lipids |
| molecules made of lipid surrounded by protein; high density and low density are two types of this | lipoproteins |
| use of specific nutrition services to treat an illness, injury, or condition | medical nutrition therapy |
| the amount of nitrogen consumed compared to the amount of nitrogen excreted over a given amount of time | nitrogen balance |
| foods providing a high quality of one or more nutrients in a small number of calories | nutrient-dense foods |
| abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells of the body; grossly overweight | obeseity |
| administrating nutrients by a rount other than the digestive tract (intravenously, for example) | parenteral nutrition |
| a progressive macrocytic megaloblastic anemia usually related to inadequate intake, absorption, or utilization of vitamin B12 | pernicious anemia |
| food, fiber, bacteria, body secretions, and other substances that remain in the colon after digestion is completed | residue |
| a feeling of fullness and satisfaction from food | satiety |
| a diet used as medical treatment | therapeutic diet |
| the administration of a hypertonic solution into a large central vein | TPN |
| the administration of nutritionally balanced liquefied foods or formula into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum by way of a feeding tube | tube feeding |
| strict vegetarian who eliminates all foods of animal origin from their diet | vegan |
| what are the three macronutrients? | carbohydrates, protein, fat |
| what are the two micronutrients? | vitamins, minerals |
| what are the two functions of nutrients? | build and repair tissues, regulate body processes |
| the primary source of energy for the body | carbohydrates |
| this macronutrient makes up most of the body's lean tissues and organs | protein |
| these amino acids are not made in the body | essential amino acids |
| these amino acids are made by the body | nonessential amino acids |
| this macronutrient insulates the body, provides a source of fat-soluble vitamins, and protects vital organs | fats |
| these fats are solid at room temperature, usually found in animal products | saturated fats |
| these fats are liquid at room temperature, and are usually found in plant/vegetable products | unsaturated fats |
| organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts for normal physiologic and metabolic function of the body | vitamins |
| the two most important water soluble vitamins | B, C |
| deficiency of this can lead to anemia, neural tube defects, and elevated homocysteine levels | folate (B9) |
| this B vitamin is essential for nervous system function | B12 |
| this vitamin has antioxident properties, increases iron absorbtion, and aids in wound healing and immune function | C |
| deficiency of this vitamin can lead to scurvy, gingivitis, and bleeding gums | C |
| the four fat soluble vitamins | A, D, E, K |
| this vitamin maintains healthy vision | A |
| this vitamin promotes the body's absorbtion of calcium | D |
| This vitamin protects cell membranes and tissues, and is needed for normal development of nerves and muscles | E |
| this vitamin is a coenzyme for blood coagulation; a deficiency can lead to excessive bleeding and easy bruising | K |
| inorganic compounds found in the earth which perform vital roles in various body functions | minerals |
| the diet of this vegetarian includes vegetables and dairy | lacto vegetarian |
| the diet of this vegetarian includes vegetables, dairy, and eggs | lacto-ovo vegetarian |
| this mineral helps with fluid and acid-base balance, and is important for nerve conduction and muscle contraction | sodium |
| this mineral is important for nerve transmission and muscle contractions, and may help reduce blood pressure | potassium |
| this mineral is essential for muscle contraction, nerves, teeth and bone health | calcium |
| this mineral is responsible for energy metabolism and oxygen transport | iron |
| water is what percentage of an adult's body weight | 60% |
| the amount of fiber that an adult should consume per day | 20-35g |
| this fiber dissolves in water, slows the rate of digestion, and decreases cholesterol levels | soluble fiber |
| this fiber aids in digestion and acts as a natural laxative | insoluble fiber |
| recommended weight gain for a person of normal weight during pregnancy | 25-25 lbs |
| recommended weight gain for an overweight person curing pregnancy | 15-35 lbs |
| recommended weight gain for an obese person during pregnancy | 15 lbs |
| recommended weight gain for underweight persons during pregnancy | 28-40 lbs |
| how many additional calories should a pregnant woman consume during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters? | 300 |
| what nutrients should be increased during pregnancy | protein, folic acid, calcium, and iron |
| a condition of high blood sugar levels in a pregnant female with no previous diagnosis of diabetes | gestational diabetes |
| substances to avoid during pregnancy | nicotine, drugs, alcohol, herbal supplements |
| can be a result of alcohol use during pregnancy | fetal alcohol syndrome |
| how many additional calories should be consumed by a breastfeeding mother? | 500 |
| how long should an infant remain on breastmilk or formula? | 6 months |
| when can solid food be introduced into an infant's diet? | 4-6 months |
| foods that should be avoided during infancy | honey, cows milk, citrus friuts, fruit juice, egg whites, peanuts/peanut butter, nuts |
| what is it called when a child consitently rejects other foods in favor of a favorite food? | food jags |
| this diet includes clear liquids only and is used after diagnostic tests, surgery, and acute illnes (NVD) | clear liquid diet |
| transitional diet from clear liquid to solid foods | full liquid diet |
| this diet provides food and fluids for patients who are unable to chew, swallow, or tolerate solid foods, usually following oral or facial surgery | blenderized diet |
| provides texture modified foods that require minimal chewing | mechanically altered diet |
| this is used for patients wtih an impaired ability to swallow or with an intolerance for thin liquids | dysphagia diet |
| four members of the nutrition support team | physician, dietitian, pharmacist, nurse |
Created by:
ewoff85
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