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RES140 Final REVIEW
RES140 Final REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When the pH is increased [hydrogen ion concentration (H+) is decreased], in which direction will the HbO2 Dissociation Curve shift? | A. To the "left" |
| In what direction does the Oxygen (HbO2) Dissociation Curve shift when the pH is decreased? | D. To the right |
| The Ventilation/Perfusion ratio (V/Q) represents which one of the following? | A. Changes in alveolar ventilation (VA) and pulmonary capillary blood flow (QC) |
| In which direction will the O2 Dissociation Curve shift, due to an increase in body temperature? | A. To the right |
| 100% O2 may not be sufficient to achieve satisfactory arterial oxygen content under which of the following conditions? | C. Hypoxemia due to physiological shunting |
| The impact of changes in blood pH on hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen is called the | B. Bohr effect |
| ) Which of the following describes hypoxia? A. Blood Hb levels are greater than normal (>16 g/dL). | B. Tissue O2 delivery is inadequate to meet cellular needs. |
| List the 3 different ways CO2 is transported in the blood to the lungs along with the percentage for each form. | HCO3- 80% Carbamino-Hb 12% Dissolved in Plasma 8% |
| (9) What is the overall main goal of acid- base homeostasis? | Maintain a normal blood pH |
| True or False: A buffer solution allows large changes in pH upon the addition of an acid or base. | False |
| True or False The HCO3- represents the respiratory component of an acidbase system. | False |
| With respect to the excretion of H+ and reabsorption, how will the kidneys respond if the blood PaCO2 is high? | Excrete H+ and retain HCO3- |
| True or False According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the pH of the blood will be normal as long as the ratio of HCO3 to dissolved CO2 is 30 to 1 (30:1). | False |
| True or False: In respiratory alkalosis the PaCO2 is less than 35 mmHg | True |
| True or False The most common cause of HYPERVENTIALTION in patients with respiratory disease is probably due to a low arterial PaO2 (hypoxemia). | True |
| True or False Compensation for respiratory acidosis occurs through a decrease in blood HCO3 levels. | False |
| True or False Compensation for metabolic acidosis occurs through a decrease in blood PCO2 levels | True |
| True or False In acute respiratory acidosis, for each 10 mm Hg rise in PCO2 above 40 mmHg the plasma HCO3- can be expected to increase by about 1 mEq/L. | True |
| An increase in body temperature will shift the oxygen dissociation curve in what direction? | B. Right |
| True or False: The impact of changes in blood pH on hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is called the chloride shift | False |
| The ______________ alters the position of the HbO2 Dissociation curve. | D. Bohr Effect |
| In healthy young adults, what is considered a normal of PAO2-PaO2 gradient (A-a Gradient)? | D. 5 to 10 mm Hg |
| Which of the following contains the highest level of PCO2? | C. Cells |
| All of the following increase the affinity that hemoglobin has for oxygen except: | Increased temperature |
| The normal total oxygen content of the blood is approximately | C. 19.5 mL/dL |
| What is the normal CaO2-CvO2 (arteriovenous oxygen content difference) in a healthy adult at rest? | D. 5 mL/dL |
| Which of the following approximate a normal P50? | B. 26.6 mmHg |
| A PaO2 of 100 mmHg is normally associated with a hemoglobin saturation (SaO2) of _______________. | A. 97% |
| What would be the approximate hemoglobin saturation (SaO2) associated with a PaO2 of 65 mmHg? | A. 90% |
| Where is the lowest PO2 normally found? | B. Cells |
| The majority of oxygen (O2) is carried: | B. Chemically combined with Hb |
| The majority of carbon dioxide is carried: | D. As bicarbonate ion (HCO3) |
| Based on the following values, calculate the Oxygen Delivery (DO2): CaO2 = 16 ml/dl & Cardiac Output 6.0 L/min | DO2 = 6 (16 x 10) DO2 = 6(160) DO2 = 960 ml |
| There is a total of 14 g/dL hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood, of which 7.5 g is HbO2. What is the calculated SaO2 (%)? | SaO2 = 7.5 / 14 x 100 SaO2 = 54% |
| While receiving an oxygen concentration (FIO2) of 65%, a patient’s PaO2 is 50 mmHg. What is the mostly likely causing this problem? | A. Significant shunting is present |
| “Hyperventilation” is normally seen as the compensatory mechanism for _________________. | C. Metabolic Acidosis |
| Why is the bicarbonate buffer system, considered an open buffer system? | B. Its acid component (carbonic acid) is volatile. |
| What is the ratio of HCO3 - to dissolved CO2 that results in a pH of 7.40? | 20:1 |
| Which statement below describes “respiratory alkalosis”? | C. The PaCO2 is less than 35 mmHg |
| Primary metabolic alkalosis is associated with which of the following? | III. An increase in buffer base |
| Which of the following might be used to correct metabolic alkalosis? I. Restoring normal fluid volume | C. I, and III only |
| An increase in the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] of the blood due only to an increase in the arterial PCO2 (hypercapnea), best describes which acid-base disorder? | Acute respiratory acidosis |
| Interpret the following set of ABG values: pH = 7.22, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, HCO3 = 24 mEq/L | C. Acute (uncompensated) respiratory acidosis |
| Which of the following describe the state of “alkalemia”? | I. The HCO3:CO2 ratio exceeds 30:1. II. The blood pH exceeds 7.45. D. I and II only |
| What is the normal range of PAO2-PaO2 gradient (A-a Gradient) for a healthy young adult breathing room air? | 5 to 10 mmHg |
| Which equation describes O2 delivery to the tissues? | DO2 = QT x [CaO2 x 10] |
| Describe the PaO2. What is it? | Oxygen dissolved in the blood plasma |
| Under what conditions may even the delivery of 100% O2 not be sufficient to achieve a satisfactory arterial oxygen content? | When physiologic “shunting” is present |
| A patient with a normal PaO2, SaO2 and cardiac output is exhibiting signs and symptoms of tissue hypoxia. What is the most likely cause? | Anemic hypoxia |
| How is the vast majority of O2 carried in the blood? | Combined with Hb |
| True or False: Gas solubility in liquids varies indirectly with pressure. | False |
| True or False: Changes in atmospheric pressure have little to do with gas transport in the body. | False |
| If 100 ml of a 50% solution (A) were exposed to 100 ml of a 30% solution (B) across a semipermeable membrane, what would be the strength of each solution following equilibrium? | 40% |
| True or False: Average body cellular fluid has a tonicity equal to a 0.9% solution of NaCl. This is referred to as an isotonic solution. | True |
| Cite the formula used to calculate the gram-equivalnet weight of a substance. | gEq = Gram atomic (formula) weight ÷ Valence |
| True or False: 10 grams of solute dissolved 100 ml of solution can be described as weight to volume solution. | True |
| True or False: An acid can be defined as a proton donor or a compound that yields hydrogen ions when placed in an aqueous solution and a base can be defined as any compound that will accept a proton.. | True |
| What maintains the volume and composition of body fluids? | I. Filtration and reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys. II. Regulation of water balance by vasopressin (ADH).A. I and II |
| True or False: Evaporative water loss through the lungs may occur due to the presence of an artificial airway and through increased ventilation | True |
| The alveolar interstitial region of the lungs remains relatively “dry” primarily because of what? | A. Low capillary hydrostatic pressure |
| True or False: The normal range for potassium (K+) is 10 to 15 mEq/L | False |
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Cam1228
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