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Biliary 316
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cirrhosis | The development of scar tissue that replaces normal cells, blocking the portal flow of blood through the organ and disturbing normal function. |
| Functions of the Liver | Metabolizes and stores: carbohydrates, fat, protein. Stores vitamins and minerals. Manufactures bile, fibrinogen, and PT. Regulates blood volume. NH3 to urea. Detoxifies drugs, bacteria, and hormones.Conjugates bilirubin. |
| Complications of Liver Disease | Portal Hypertension, esophageal varices, ascites |
| Hepatic Coma | Results from liver inability to detoxify ammonia. Personality changes to neurological changes. |
| Treatment of Liver Disease | Diet: low protein, high CHO, glucose IV, vitamins, I+O, monitor Na+ and K+, enemas, neomycin, lactulose, neuro, skin and oral care |
| Hepatitis | Abdominal pain or distention,breast development in maled,dark urine and pale or clay-colored stools, Fatigue,Fever, usually low-grade, General itching,Jaundice,Loss of appetite,Nausea and vomitting, Weight loss |
| Pancreas | It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that pass to the small intestine. |
| Pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas. Caused by alcohol, biliary tract disease, drugs, trauma, infection,and others. |
| Clinical Manifestations of Pancreatitis | epigastric pain, jaundice, nausea, vomitting, abdominal rigidity, ascites, pleural effusion, tachycardia, etc. Often LUQ pain radiating to back. |
| Lab Tests for Pancreatitis | Amylase, Lipase, stool specimen, fluid form pleural cavity. Radiological studies. |
| Nursing Care for Pancreatitis | Bed Rest, Relieve pain, NPO, tx complications, advance diet as tolerated. |
| Why do you get ascites in liver disease? | There are lower levels of albumin which decreases oncotic pressure allowing fluid to leak out into interstitial places. |
| What are the clotting problems associated with cirrhosis? | The liver is responsible for making Prothrombin. A decrease in PT means that it take longer for the blood to clot. |
| How much blood can the liver store? | Up to a liter |
| What happens to ammonia in liver disease? | The liver cannot break the ammonia into urea, so it stays in the body resulting in toxic levels of ammonia. |
| What is the purpose of Neomycin in liver disease? | When there is more protein floating around the body-since it's not getting processed by the liver- the normal flora feed on it releasing even more ammonia. Neomycin kills the normal flora preventing the breakdown of RBC's. |
| Liver Failure and bilirubin | Increase in INDIRECT bilirubin. An increase in DIRECT means a post hepatic problem (gall stones, intestine, etc.). |
| What happens to glucose levels during liver failure? | They are decreased, results in hypoglycemia. |
| RBC's | Large=Vitamin B12 deficiency Small=Iron deficiency |
Created by:
foxymorena
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