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US VA History
Chapters 10-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| James K Polk | President- thought no one would ever want to take slaves to the West because it was deemed unsuitable for farming. He quickly realized that the issue of slavery in new territories was bigger than he originally thought |
| Gadsden Purchase | In 1833, Mexican Leader Santa Anna accepted $10 million from the US for a 30000-square-mile strip of land, which includes todays Arizona, New Mexico, and the city of Tucson. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | would undo the Missouri Compromise and allow slavery in the territories. Nebraska would be considered northern, and therefore free, and Kansas would be southern, slave. |
| Abraham Lincoln- inaugural speech | addressed the seceding states directly. restated that he wouldn't interfere with states which already allowed slavery and encouraged reconciliation. |
| Wilmot Proviso | proposed that in any territory the United States gained from Mexico "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist" |
| Free-Soil Party | members of the Conscience Whigs and abolitionist Liberty party joined together and formed the Free-Soil Party. they opposed slavery in the "free soil" of western territories. |
| Compromise of 1850 | the compromise of 1820 was divided into many smaller bills so Congress could veto or pass each part they liked or didn't like |
| Harriet Tubman | slave who used the underground railroad to escape. when she did, she went back 19 times to lead other slaves to the north. |
| John Brown | In 1859, he developed a plan to seize the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, free and arm the enslaved people, and start a rebellion against slaveholders. |
| Confederate Constitution | based largely on the US constitution, but it declared that each stated was independent and guaranteed the existence of slavery in Confederate territory. Banned protective tariffs and limited the presidency to a single 6-year term |
| Missouri- Union | was kept as a slave state to prevent it from seceding. |
| Robert E Lee | was asked by both sides to lead their armies, but since he and his family were natives of Virginia, he decided to lead the confederate army. |
| Lincoln- writs of habeas corpus | Lincoln suspended writs of habeas corpus to enforce militia law. this meant that anyone who openly supported the rebels or encouraged others to resist the militia draft could be imprisoned without charges of a crime or a trial. |
| Jefferson Davis | president of the confederacy. |
| Andersonville, Georgia | home to an infamous prison int he south. was an open camp with no shelter from the weather. exposure, overcrowding, lack of food , and disease killed 13000 out of the 45000 prisoners. |
| Capture of Chattanooga | Union victory after their defeat at Chickamauga. secured for the union eastern Tennessee and cleared the4 way for an invasion of Georgia. |
| George McClellan- election of 1864 | chosen by democrats to oppose Lincoln. promised to end hostilities and resolve the conflict with the south peacefully. |
| 3 advantages of the North | factories for weapons and everyday needs, large population, good economic situation |
| Trent Affair | Charles Wilkes, captain of the Union warship San Jacinto, intercepted the British ship, the Trent, because 2 confederates had slipped past the union blockade to board the vessel. Nearly put the Union and Britain at war. |
| Anaconda Plan | Blockade Southern ports on the Atlantic coast, isolate the Confederacy from European aid and trade, exhaust Southern resources, forcing them to surrender. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | speech made by President Lincoln, ending slavery in the Union. |
| Vicksburg | Union victory on July 4, separated the confederate army in two |
| Burnside, Hooker, Meade, and Grant | officers who played major roles in the Battle of Gettysburg. |
| Farragut's victory at Mobile Bay- importance | Blockade runners moving goods in and out of the Deep South east of the Mississippi could no longer use any port on the Gulf of Mexico |
| 13th Amendment | banned slavery from the US |
| Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan | Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction- offered a general pardon to all Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the US and accepted the Union's proclamation concerning slavery |
| Andrew Johnson- accused who for starting the war | accused Confederate officers and officials and former confederate farmers with a property worth over $20,000. |
| Tenure of Office Act | mean to prevent Johnson from bypassing Grant or firing Stanton. |
| Scalawags | southerners who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South |
| Ku Klux Klan | started by former confederate soldiers, it's goal was to drive out the union troops and carpetbaggers and regain control of the south for the Democratic party. |
| Reconstruction ended when... | many northerners were weary of the decade-long struggle to impose a new society on the south and they were more concerned with their own economic problems than with the political situation in the south. |
| Radical Republicans - 3 goals during the reconstruction | prevent the leaders of the confederacy from returning to power, to get the republican party to become a powerful institution in the south, get African Americans the right to vote. |
| Johnson's Reconstruction Plan | excluded amnesty to those he thought started the war, each former confederate state had to call a constitution to revoke its ordinance of secession and ratify the 13th amendment |
| President Johnson's impeachment | the House of Representatives held Johnson on the charge that he broken the law by refusing to uphold the Tenure of Office Act and because he had removed four commanders in the Southern military for supporting the Republicans. |
| Carpetbaggers | Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War and supported the Republicans |
| Ulysses S Grant | became General in Chief after his victory in Vicksburg. |
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