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APICS BOS Vocab C
APICS CPIM Basics of supply chain dictionary words C
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Capacity available | The capability of a system or resource to produce a quantity of output in a particular time period. |
| Capacity control | The process of measuring production output and comparing it with the capacity plan, determining if the variance exceeds pre-established limits, and taking corrective action to get back on plan if the limits are exceeded. |
| Capacity management | The function of establishing, measuring, monitoring, and adjusting limits or levels of capacity in order to execute all manufacturing schedules. Cap. Man. is executed at 4 levels: Resource requirement planning, RCCP, CPR, and I/O control |
| Capacity planning | The process of determining the amount of capacity required to produce in the future. This process may be performed at an aggregate or product-line level (RRP), at the MS level(RCCP), and at the MRP (CRP). |
| Capacity required | The capacity of a system or resource needed to produce a desired output in a particular time period |
| Capacity requirements planning (CRP)-1 | The function of establishing, measuring, and adjusting limits or levels of capacity.The CRP in this context refers to process of determining in detail the amt of labor and machine resources required. |
| CRP - 2 | Open shop orders and planned orders in the MRP system are input to CRP, which through the use of parts routings and time standards translates these orders into hrs of wrk by wrk center by time period. |
| Why do you need to do CRP? | Even though rough-cut capacity planning may indicate that sufficient capacity exists to execute the MPS, CRP may show that capacity is insufficient during specific time periods. |
| Carrying cost | The cost of holding inventory, usually defined as a % of the $ value of inventory/unit of time (generally 1 yr). |
| What does carrying cost depend on? | The cost of holding inventory, usually defined as a % of the $ value of inventory/unit of time (generally 1 yr). Carrying cost depends mainly on the cost of capital invested as well as such costs of maintaining the inventory and other incurred costs. |
| What are the other incurred carrying costs besides the capital investment? | Taxes, insurance, obsolescence, spoilage, and space occupied. Such costs vary from 10%~35% annually, depending on type of industry. Carrying cost is ultimately a policy variable reflecting the opportunity cost of alternative uses for funds invested. |
| Cash flow | The net flow of dollars into or out of the proposed project. The algebraic sum, in any time period, of all cash receipts, expenses, and investments, Also called cash proceeds or cash generated |
| cause-and-effect diagram | A tool for analyzing process dispersion. It is also referred to as Ishikawa diagram. And the fishbone diagram. The diagram illustrates the main causes and subcauses leading to an effect. The c-a-e diagram is 1 of 7 tools of quality. |
| Cellular manufacturing | A manufacturing process that produces families of parts within a single line or cell of machines controlled by operators who work only within the line or cell. |
| Center | In stats, values near the middle of results from a process |
| Centralized inventory control | Inventory decision making for all stockkeeping units exercised from one office or department for an entire company |
| Central storage | Using a central location for storing all inventory items in order to obtain more control of inventory and to improve inventory record accuracy |
| Certified supplier | A status awarded to a supplier who consistently meets predetermined quality, cost, delivery, financial, and count objectives. Incoming inspection may not be required. |
| Chance variation | Variation in process results occurring b/c of numerous small factors such as workers, equipment, raw material, work methods, and environmental differences. |
| Chase production method | A production planning method that maintains a stable inventory level while varying production to meet demand. Companies may combine chase and level production schedule methods. |
| Closed-loop MRP - planning phase | A system built around material requirement planning that includes the additional planning processes of production planning (S&OP planning), master production scheduling, and CRP. |
| Closed-loop MRP - Execution phase | Manufacturing control processes of I/O measurement, detailed scheduling and dispatching, as well as anticipated delay reports from both plant and suppliers, supplier scheduling, and so on. Closed loop means it is updated and validated real time. |
| Common carrier | Transportation available to the public that does not provide special treatment to any one party and is regulated as to the rates charged, the liability assumed, and the service provided. A common carrier must obtain a certification from Fed Trd Comm |
| Common causes | Causes of variation that are inherent in a process over time. They affect every outcome of the process and everyone working in the process |
| Competitive advantage | The advantage a company has over its rivals in attracting customers and defending against competitors. Sources of the adv include characteristics that a competitor cannot duplicate without substantial cost and risk. |
| Component | The raw material, part, or subassembly that goes into a higher level assembly, compound, or other item. This iterm may also include packaging materials for finished items |
| Consignment | A shipment that is handled by a common carrier. The process of a supplier placing goods at a customer location without receiving payment until after the goods are used or sold. |
| Constraint | Any element or factor that prevents a system from achieving a higher level of performance with respect to its goal. Constraints can be physical, such as a machine center or lack of material, but they can also be managerial, such as a policy or procedure. |
| Consumer | A person who purchases a good or service for his or her own use (not for resale) |
| Continuous production | A production system in which the productive equipment is organized and sequenced according to the steps involved to produce the product. This term denotes that material flow is continuous during the production process. The routing of the jobs is fixed. |
| Continuous replenishment | A process by which a supplier is notified daily of actual sales or warehouse shipments and commits to replenishing these sales ( by size, color, and so on) without stockouts and without receiving replenishment orders. |
| What is the effect of continuous replenishment? | The result is a lowering of associated costs and an improvement in inventory turnover. Syn:Rapid replenishment |
| Contract carrier | A carrier that does not serve the general public, but provides transportation for hire for one or a limited number of shippers under a specific contract. |
| Control charts | A graphic comparison of process performance data with predetermined computed control limits. The process performance data usually consist of groups of measurements selected in regular sequence of production that preserve the order. |
| What is the primary use of control charts? | The primary use of control charts is to detect assignable causes of variation in the process as opposed to random variations. The control chart is one of the seven tools of quality. Syn:Process control chart. |
| Control points | In the theory of constraints, a strategic locations in the logical product structure for a product or family that simplify the planning, scheduling, a control functions. |
| What does control point include? | Gating operations, convergent points, divergent points, constraints, and shipping points. |
| How does detailed scheduling uses control points? | Detailed scheduling instructions are planned, implemented, and monitored at these locations. Other WCs are instructed to "work if they have work; otherwise, be prepared for wrk." In this manner, materials flow rapidly thru the facility w/o detailed wc S&C |
| Convergent point | An operation in a production process where multiple materials/parts/components are combined into a single component. An Assembly operation is an example of a convergent point. |
| Cost equalization point (CEP) | A point or quantity at which the cost curves of two manufacturing methods have an equal value. |
| Cost of goods sold (COGS) | An accounting classification useful for determining the amount of direct materials, direct labor, and allocated overhead associated with the products sold during a given period of time. |
| Cost of poor quality | 1.Internal failure costs:costs associated with defects found before the customer receives the product or service 2.External failure costs 3.Appraisal costs: costs incurred to determine the degree of conformance to quality requirements 4.Prevention cost |
| Cost tradeoff | Considering the advantages and disadvantages of one method to another, such as different avenues of distribution or providing customer service. |
| Count frequency | The number of times an item in inventory is counted during a period of time. Generally, high-value inventories are counted more frequently than low-value items, although properties other than value can influence the frequency. |
| Critical chain method | In the theory of constraints, a network planning technique for the analysis of a project's completion time, |
| Cross-docking | The concept of packing products on the incoming shipments so they can be easily sorted at intermediate warehouses or for outgoing shipments based on final destination. incoming docking>outgoing docking. No inventory. Reduces inventory investment, storage. |
| Cumulative lead time | The longest planned length of time to accomplish the activity in question. It is found by reviewing the lead time for each BOM path below the item whichever path sum to greatest num defines cum.LT. |
| Customer | A person or org receiving a good, service, or info. In project management, every project has a customer who may be internal or external to the org. & who is responsible for the fin. proj acceptance. |
| CRM Customer relationship management | A marketing philosophy based on putting the cust first. The collection and anlysis of info desgined for sales and mkt decision support (as contrast to ERP) to understand and support existing and potential cust needs. |
| Customer service | The ability of a company to address the needs, inquiries, and requests from customers. A measure of the delivery of a product to the customer at the time the customer specified. |
| Cycle counting | An inventory accuracy audit technique where inventory is counted on a cyclic schedule rather than once a year. A cycle inventory count is usually taken on a regular, defined basis |
| Cycle stock | One of the two main conceptual components of any item inventory, the cycle stock is the most active component; the cycle stock depletes gradually as customer orders are received and is replenished cyclically when supplier orders are received. |
| Cycle time | In industrial engineering, the time between completion of two discrete units of production. For example, the cycle time of motors assembled at a rate of 120 per hour would be in 30 seconds. or length of time from material enters production to it exits |
| capable to promise (CTP) | The process of committing orders against available capacity as well as inventory. May involve multiple manufacturing or distribution sites. Used to determine when a new or unscheduled customer order can be delivered. Employs a finite scheduling model |
| continuous process improvement (CPI) | a never ending effort to expose and eliminate root causes of problems: small step improvement as opposed to big step improvement |
| control limit | A statistically determined line on a control chart (upper control limit or lower control limit). If a value occurs outside of this limit, the process is deemed to be out of control. |
| critical path method (CPM) | A network planning technique for the analysis of a project's completion time used for planning and controlling the activities in a project. |
| customs broker | A person who manages the paperwork required for international shipping and tracks and moves the shipments through the proper channels. |
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