Help
Options
Question
hypoxemia
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
hypercapnia
Remaining cards (24)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Acute Resp. Failure
RESP: Acute Respiratory Failure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hypoxemia | PaO2 <60 failure of respiration/oxygenation |
| hypercapnia | PaCO2 >50 failure of ventilation |
| state of disturbed gas exchange resulting in abnormal ABGs? | acute respiratory failure |
| tidal volume (Vt) | 500 mL air/breath |
| anatomic dead space (ADS) | Vt/3 500/3 = 150 mL/breath |
| alveolar ventilation volume (AVV) | Vt - ADS 500 - 150 = 350 mL/breath |
| alveolar ventilation rate (V) | AVV X RR 350 X 12bpm = 4.2 L/minute |
| pulmonary perfusion rate (Q) | volume of blood in the pulmonary circulation per minute 5 L/minute |
| V/Q Match | 4.2/5.0 = .8 which is almost 1 |
| what are the determinants of adequate alveolar ventilation? | V: adequate air intake Q: adequate perfusion in pulmonary circulation |
| causes of V/Q mismatch? | bronchitis <1 and emphysema >1 |
| primary clinical manifestations of ARF? | hypoxemia and hypercapnia |
| early clinical manifestations of ARF? | confusion, headache, restlessness, tremors, tachycardia, HTN |
| late clinical manifestations of ARF? | coma, bradycardia, hypotension, pulmonary HTN, cyanosis, respiratory arrest |
| what is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? | -infiltrative lung lesions -severe refractory arterial hypoxemia -life threatening respiratory distress |
| precipitating events of ARDS (categories)? | -direct injury/physical source -inhalation or airway source -blood borne or vascular source |
| reason why severe refractory arterial hypoxemia sucks so much? | doesnt respond to oxygen --> ventilator |
| top two precipitating events of ARDS? | aspiration and sepsis |
| synonymous terms for ARDS? | -septic lung -wet lung -white lung -capillary leak syndrome -shock lung -noncardiogenic pulmonary edema |
| clinical manifestations of initial ARDS stage? | -insidious (sudden) onset -dyspnea -restlessness -rales -XRAYS: minimal infiltrates |
| primary clinical manifestations of ARDS? | pulmonary edema and decreased lung compliance |
| clinical manifestations of second ARDS stage? | -noisy tachypneic breathing -tachycardia -diaphoresis -decreased mentation -pallor, cyanosis (resp. distress) -XRAYS: extensive, bilateral infiltrates and cardiomegaly |
| clinical manifestations of final ARDS stage? | -intubation and assisted ventilation -bronchial breath sounds -severe metabolic acidosis -death -XRAYS: white out/white lung |
| complications of ARDS? | -disturbances in cardiac rhythm -secondary to bacterial infections -sepsis -stress ulcers -DIC |
| most frequent histopathologic finding of ARDS? | capillary leakage |
Created by:
rebecky
Popular Nursing sets