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Microbio Ch1

Microbial world and you

QuestionAnswer
Microorganisms Organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Germ Rapidly growing cell
Pathogenic disease-causing
Microbes Few are pathogenic, decompose organic waste, producers in the ecosystem by photosynthesis, produce ethanol and acetone, produce fermented foods:vinegar, cheese and bread, produce products used in manufacturing and treatment such as cellulase & insulin
Genus 1st name of organism
Specific epithet Species name, follows Genus
Prokaryotes Prenucleus. Includes bacteria and archaea.
Eukaryotes Have a nucleus containing DNA.
Bacteria Prokaryotes/peptidoglycan cell wall/divide by binary fission/flagella/
Fungi Eukaryotes/molds & mushrooms are multicellular consisting of masses of mycelia which are composed of long filaments hyphae/yeast are unicellular/chitin cell walls
Algae Eukaryotes/Cellulose cell walls/Photosynthesis for energy/Produce oxygen & carbs/uni or multicellular
Achaea Prokaryotes/lack peptidoglycan/live in extreme environments/methanogens=methane/extreme halophiles=salt loving/extreme thermophiles=live in hot sulfurous water/not disease causing in humans
Protoza Eukaryotes/absorb or ingest organic chemicals/motile via pseudopods, cilia or flagella/unicellular
Viruses Acellular(noncellular)/DNA or RNA surrounded by protein coat/coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope/Viruses are replicated only in a host cell
Multicellular Animal Parasites Eukaryotes/multicellular/parasitic flatworms and round worms and called Helminths/microscopic stages in life cycles
3 Domains Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya.
Eukarya (domain) Includes Protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Robert Hooke Cell theory: all living things are composed of cells and come from preexisting cells
Louis Pasteur Found that yeast ferment sugars to alcohol & that bacteria can oxidize the alcohol to acetic acid. Pasteurization is used to kill bacteria in some alcohol and milk.
Joseph Lister Introduced the use of a disinfectant to clean wounds.
Robert Koch Proved that microorganisms cause disease. Koch's Postulates=proves that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.
Edward Jenner Demonstrated that inoculation with cowpox material provides humans with immunity to smallpox.
Quinine from tree bark used to treat Malaria
Paul Erlich Magic Bullet can destroy a pathogen without harming the host. Salvarsan to treat syphilis.
Alexander Fleming Discovered Penicillin
Chemotherapy Treatment with chemicals
Synthetic drugs chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals
Antibiotics Chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes
Vaccination The process of confering immunity by administering a vaccine;also called immunization.
Vaccine A preparation of killed, inactivated, or attenuated microorganisms or toxoids to induce artificially aquired active immunity.
Created by: nadiapr
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