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History Final 2011
history final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Capitalism | -economic system in which private business runs most industries, and competition determines how much goods cost and how much workers are paid |
| Social Darwinism | -proposed by English social philosopher Herbert Spencer -based on Charles Darwin's biological theory of natural selection and evolution -said that the "fittest people, businesses or nations would have the most power and wealth |
| The "New Immigrants" | -immigrants who came to the U.S. between the 1880s and 1910s were known as new immigrants -mostly from southern and eastern Europe, such as Greece, Italy, and Russia |
| Ellis Island | -opened in 1892 -the immigrants saw the Statue of Liberty, which gave them hope -all newcomers had to pass an exam -people with mental disorders, contagious diseases, or other health problems were deported |
| Tenements | -poorly built apartment buildings -43,000 housed 1.6 million poor New Yorkers in 1900 -usually in poor neighborhoods and in walking distance of factories and ports where the people would work -the dark and airless ones had 12 families per floor |
| Immigration Restriction League | -found by wealthy Bostonians in 1894 -tried to make a literacy test on all immigrants -Congress tried to pass it, but President Grover Cleveland vetoed it and called it "illiberal, narrow, and un-American" |
| Boom and Bust | -a pattern of high prices in a given market or in the entire economy followed by low prices, falling production, and bankruptcies by producers |
| Labor | -workers who are payed by the hour or by the piece |
| Management | -workers hired by owners to increase the profitability of a company |
| Assimilation | -to blend into the dominant culture |
| Jane Addams | -born in 1860 to a wealthy family in Cedarville, Illinois -began her settlement house work in Chicago in 1889 -called it the Hull House -her goals were to provide educational, better living conditions, and cultural opportunities to the poor |
| Natavism | -favoring native-born Americans over foreign-born |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | -passed by Congress in 1882 -denied citizenship to people born in China and stopped the immigration of Chinese laborers -repealed in 1952 by Congress to allow more Chinese immigrants into the US |
| The AFL | -American Federation of Labor -led by Samuel Gompers between 1900 and 1914 -excluded unskilled workers, and believed that skilled workers could cause or make change |
| The Homestead Strike | -workers went on strike to protest a wage cut on June 30, 1892 -led up to a huge battle between the strikers and guards on July 6, 1892 -strikers asked government to help them, but they did nothing |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | -italian immigrants and radicals -charged with murders of a paymaster and a guard in a 1920 payroll robbery outside a shoe factory near Boston -executed on August 23, 1927 |
| Angel Island | -from 1910 to 1940, they processed 1 million Asian immigrants -referred to as "The Ellis Island of the West" |
| The National Origins Act of 1924 | -limited the number of immigrants admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already living in the US in 1890 |
| Marketing | -brand names and packaging were important in persuading customers to buy them some companies used brightly colored packages or cool logos |
| Henry Ford and the Assembly Line | -after he started to make cars, Henry Ford created the assembly line -workers stood in one place and half-made products moved past them on a conveyor belt -helped make cars WAY faster, dropping the price of Ford cars, and making customers happy |
| The Square Deal | -was Roosevelt's campain slogan in 1904 -balanced business, consumers, and labor limited the power of trusts, and promoted public health, safety, and improving working conditions |
| The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire | -started on Saturday, March 25 around 500 employees (mostly young Jewish/Italian immigrant women) were working -fire erupted and in moments, the whole 8th floor was on fire around 60 workers jumped from windows, and more than 140 workers died |
| The IWW | -Industrial Workers of the World -founded in Chicago in 1905 -William "Big Bill" Haywood talked against AFL's cooperation and how it didn't include unskilled workers -pursued their goals through boycotts, strikes, and industrial sabotage |
| The Great Depression | -stock markets crashed on Thursday, October 24, 1929 -banks crashed, business failed, and US problems caused depression around the globe -by 1933, the unemployment number in the US was up to 15 million |
| The New Deal | -on March 6, Roosevelt closed every bank for 3-4 days to stop big withdrawals -a month after the banks re-opened, $1 billion in deposits went into the bank -next, he made the Federal Emergency Relief Administration -distributed $500 million in aid |
| Wagner Act | -also known as National Labor Relations Act -1935 -guaranteed labor's rights to make unions and to bargain for better wages and working conditions |
| The GI Bill | -provided government loans to help veterans start businesses and buy homes or farms -between 1944 and 1956, 8 million veterans attended college or schools through the GI Bill -led to a huge number of American college graduates |
| NAFTA | -provides for lowering tariffs and trade barriers -by 2000, US exports to Canada and Mexico had increased by more than $111 billion -but between 1993 and 2000, US lost 750,000 jobs opportunities because of NAFTA |
| Globalization | -the process where regional economies, societies, and cultures blend because of transportation and trade |
| The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 | -abolished the National Origins Formula that had been in the US since the Immigration Act of 1924 -proposed by US Representative Emanuel Celler of New York, and also suported by US Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts |
| The DREAM Act | -August 1, 2001 -provides residency to illegal and deportable alien students who graduate from US high schools, arrived in the US legally or illegally as minors, and have been in the country for at least five years after the bill was made |
| The Sub-Prime Mortgage Crisis | -after US house sales were high in 2006, they began to decline very quickly -mortgages began to reset at higher interest rates -global investors reduced purchases of mortgage |
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sclothier
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