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Biology

Ch 11 Sec 1& 2

QuestionAnswer
The scientific study of heredity is called _________. genetics
T/F The male parts of pea flowers produce eggs. false
T/F When pollen fertilizes an egg cell, a seed for a new plant is formed true
T/F Pea plants normally reproduce by self-pollination true
T/F Seeds that are produced by self-pollinattion inherit their characteristics from two different plants. false
What does it mean when pea plants are described as being true-breeding? If they were allowed to self-pollinate, they would produce offspring identical to themselves.
To perform his experiments, how did Mendel prevent pea flowers from self-pollinating and control their cross-pollination? He cut away the male parts of a flower. Then he dusted that flower w/ pollen from a 2nd flower. The resulting seeds were crossed between the 2 plants
What are traits? Specific characteristics that vary from one individual to another
What are hybrids? The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
What are genes? Chemical factors that determine traits
What are alleles? The different forms of a gene
Priniciple of dominance. Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
T/F An organism with a recessive allele for a particular form of a trait will always have that form. false
Dominant alleles in Mendel's pea plants. tall and yellow
How did Mendel find out wheter the recessive alleles were still present in F1 plants? He allowed all 7 kinds of F1 hybrid plants to produce and F2 (2nd filial) generation by self-pollination. He crossed the F1 generation with itself to produce the F2 offspring.
About 1/4 of the F2 plants from Mendel's F1 crosses showed the trait controlled by the _________ allele. recessive
T/F Mendel assumed that a dominant allele had masked the corresponding recessive allele in the F1 generation. true
T/F The trait controlled by the recessive allele never showed up in any F2 plants false
T/F The allele for shortness was always the inherited with the allele for tallness. false
T/F At some point, the allele for shortness was segregated, or separated, from the allele for tallness. true
What are gametes? Sex cells
The dominant allele is represented by ____. T/ uppercase
The recessive allele is represented by ____. t/lowercase
The likelihood that a particular event will occur is called ________. probability
Probability that a single coin flip will come up heads. 50%
Why can the principles of probability be used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses? Coin flipping is relevant to genetics by the way in which alleles segregated completely randomly.
How do geneticists use Punnett squares? They use the priniciples of probability to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait (TT or tt) homozygous
Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait (Tt) heterozygous
Physical characteristic of an organism (tall) phenotype
Genetic makeup of an organism (Tt) genotype
T/F Homozygous organisms are true-breeding for a particular trait. true
T/F Plants with the same phenotype always have the same genotype. false
T/F In an F1 cross between two hybrid tall pea plants (Tt) 1/2 of the F2 plants will have 2 alleles for tallness (TT) false
The F2 ratio of tall plants to short plants produced in a cross between two hybrid tall pea plants (Tt) is 3 tall plants for every 1 short plant. true
T/F Mendel observed that about 3/4 of the F2 offspring showed the dominant trait. true
T/F Segregation occurs according to Mendel's model. true
In Mendel's model of segregation, what was the ratio of tall plants to short plants in the F2 generation? 3 to 1
T/F Probabilities predict the precise outcome of an individual event. false
How can you be sure of getting the expected 50:50 ratio from flipping a coin? Flip the coin many times
The ________ the number of offspring from the genetic cross, the closer the resulting offspring numbers will get to expected values. larger
T/F The ratios of an F1 generation are more likely to matche Mendelian predictions if the F1 generation contains hundreds or thousands of individuals. true
Created by: K1
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