Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
_
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Pain | an unpleasant sensation caused by noxious (extremely destructive or harmful) stimulation of the sensory nerve endings |
| _______ is a cardinal symptom of inflammation and is valuable in the diagnosis of many disorders and conditions. | pain |
| What are some descriptions of pain | mild or severe, chronic, acute, burning, dull or sharp, precisely or poorly localized, or referred. |
| _____ involves a subjective sensation and response to actual or potential tissue damage | pain |
| pain can be viewed as having two components what are they? | physical component or the sensation of pain (involves nerve pathways and the brain). Psychological component or emotional response to pain (individuals anxiety level, previous pain experience, age, gender, and culture). |
| What is pain tolerance? | the point at which pain becomes unberable, varies widely among individuals and under different circumstances in a single individual. |
| Describe perception in relation to pain. | it is highly subjective. the patients perception is real wether acute or chronic, use appropriate measures to relieve pain. Pain awareness = clients perception |
| what is acute pain? | intense and of short duration, usually lasting less than 6 months. |
| this type of pain generally provides a warning to the individual of actual or potential tissue damage | acute pain |
| this type of pain creates an autonomic response that originates within the sympathetic nervous system, flooding the body with epinephrine and commonly referred to as the fight or flight response. | acute pain |
| with this type of pain physicians are more likely to prescribe opioids and other analgesics. | acute pain |
| what is breakthrough pain? | occurs between scheduled doses of long acting analgesics, it is treated with short acting but usually strong pain relievers |
| what is burning pain? | experienced in heat burns, superficial skin lesions, herpes zoster, and circumscribed neuralgias |
| what is central pain | due to a lesion in the central nervous system |
| what is chronic pain? | charecterized as pain lasting longer than 6 months |
| what type of pain may be continuous (intractable) or intermittent, the reason for the pain may not be known. | chronic pain |
| what type of pain does not serve as a warning of tissue damage but more that damage has already occurred | chronic pain |
| what is dull pain | mild discomfort, often difficult to describe, may be associated with some musculoskeletal injuries or some diseases of the visceral organs |
| what is intractable pain | described as unbearable and does not respond to treatment, chronic and often debilitating |
| what is neurological pain? | transmission of pain is not fully understood, but patients may experience disabling pain either caused by a disorder withing the nervous system or caused peripherally at a distant part of the body. |
| what type of pain may arise from lesions involving the peripheral cutaneous nerves, the sensory nerve roots, the thalamus, and the central pain tract (lateral spinothalamic) at some level | neurological pain |
| what type of pain has receptors that can be activated by cellular damage, certain chemicals, such as histamine, heat, ischemia, muscle spasm, and sensations of cold and pruritus that go beyond a specific level of intesity? | neurological pain |
| what is neuropathic pain? | inititated from the nerves and nervous system |
| what type of pain has often has tingling, burning, or shooting and anticonvulsants may be given as an adjuvant to assist with pain control. | neuropathic pain |
| what is phantom limb pain? | sensation of pain felt in the nerve distribution of a body part that has been amputated |
| what is psychogenic pain? | having mental pain as opposed to organic origin |
| what is radicular pain? | radiates away from the spinal column through an extremity or the torse resulting from the compression or irritation of a spinal nerve root or large paraspinal nerve, accompanied by numbness or tingling |
| what is referred pain? | pain felt at the site other than injured or diseased organ or part of the body |
| what is shooting pain? | appears to travel like lightning from one place to another |
| what is somatic pain? | arises from the musculoskeletal system and is described as aching, stabbing, or throbbing. NSAIDS, nonopioid drugs or opioid drugs are used successfully in treating somatic pain |
| what is throbbing pain? | found in dental cavities, headache, and localized inflammation |
| what is vascular pain? | throbs or pulses, such as the pain of a migraine headache |
| what is visceral pain? | originates from the internal organs, described as cramping pressure, dull, or squeezing. anticholinergic medications are given alone or as adjuvants to nonopioids or opioids |
| describe the use of non opioid analgesics | often combined with opioids to enhance the control of severe pain, effective for mild to moderate pain, fever and inflammation caused by rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, various acute and chronic muscskel and soft tissue inflammation |
| what are salicylates? | may have central analgesic action in the hypothalamus, aspirin is also prescribed for its antiplatelet effects in reducing the risk of TIAs, MI, and strokes. considered first line therapy in pain management |
| what action do non opioid analgesics take? | inhibits prostaglanding sysnthesis peripherally for analgesic effect and centrally for antipyretic effects. tramadol is a centrally acting agent |
| what is the generic name of some nsaids? | diclofenac, etodolac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, ketorolac, meloxicam, naproxen |
| what is the trade name of some nsaids? | cataflam, lodine, lodine xl, advil, motrin, excedrin, nuprin, actron, toradol, mobic, aleve, anaprox, ec-naprosyn, naprosyn |
| generic name for cataflam | diclofenac |
| generic name for lodine or lodine XL | etodolac |
| generic name for advil or nuprin | ibuprofen |
| generic name for motrin or excedrin | ibuprofen |
| generic name for actron | ketoprofen |
| generic name for toradol | ketorolac |
| generic name for mobic | meloxicam |
| generic name for aleve and anaprox | naproxen |
| generic name for ec-naprosyn and naprosyn | naproxen |
| trade name for diclofenac | cataflam |
| trade name for etodolac | lodine or lodine XL |
| trade name for ibuprofen | advil, motrin, excedrin, nuprin |
| trade name for ketoprofen | actron |
| trade anme for ketorolac | toradol |
| trade name for meloxicam | mobic |
| trade name for naproxen | aleve, anaprox, ec-naprosyn, naprosyn |
| what are some generic names for salicylates | acetylsalicylic acid, choline and magnesium salicylates, choline salicylate, magnesium salicylate, salsalate |
| what are some trade names for salicylates | aspiring, acuprin, ASA, aspergum, bayer aspirin, ecotrin, st joseph chewable aspiring, CMT, tricosal, trilisate, arthropan, Doans regular strength tablets, Magan, mobidin, amigesic, anaflex, marthritic, mono-gesic, salgesic |
| what is the generic name for acurpin, ASA, or aspirin | acetylsalicylic acid |
| generic name for CMT, tricosal, trilisate | choline and magnesium salicylates |
| generic name for doans regular strength tables, magan, and mobidin | magnesium salicylate |
| generic name for arthropan | choline salicylate |
| generic name for amigesic, anaflex, marthritic, mono-gesic, salgesic | salsalate |
| trade name for acetylsalicylic acid | aspirin, acuprin, ASA, aspergum, ecotrin |
| trade name for choline and magnesium salicylates | CMT, tricosal, trilisate |
| trade name for choline salicylate | arthropan |
| trade name for magnesium slicylate | magan, mobidin, doans regular strength tablets |
| trade name for salsalate | amigesic, anaflex, marthritic, mono-gesic, salgesic |
| what is the generic name for tylenol, APAP, acephen, dapacin, EX dynafed | acetaminophen |
| what is the generic name for capsin, dolorac, zostrix | capsaicin |
| what is the generic name for limbrel | flavocoxid |
| what is the generic name for baridium, prodium, pyridiate, pyridium, urodine, urogesic | phenazopyridine |
| trade names for acetaminophen | tylenol, APAP, aspiring free anacin, acephen, dapacin, EX dynafed |
| trade names for capsaicin | capsin, capzasin-p, dolorac, zostrix |
| trade names for falvocoxid | limbrel |
| trade anmes for phenazopyridine | baridium, prodium, pyridiate, pyridium, urodine, urogesic |
| what is capsaicin used for? | topically for various pain syndromes |
| what is phenazopyridine used for? | urinary tract pain (turns urine orange) |
| what are some pharmacokinetics in non opioid analgesics | Absorption: well absorbed after oral administration, distribution: crosses the placenta, metabolism/excretion: >50% metabolized through the liver |
| what are some side effects for NSAIDs? | CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, CV: CHF, hypertesnsion GI: bleeding, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, heartburn GU: dysuria, renal failure DERM: exfoliative dermatitis, steven johnson syndrome HEMAT: prolonged bleed time MISC: anaphylaxis |
| what are some side effects for Salicylates? | EENT: hearing loss, tinnitus GI: bleeding, dyspepsia MISC: anaphylaxis |
| What side effects can salsalate have on the skin? | exfoliative dermatitis, steven johnson syndrome |
| what side effects can aspirin have on blood? | anemia, hemolysis, increased bleeding time |
| what are some early symptoms of an acute overdose with salicylates? | nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, hyperventilation (with respiratory alkalosis) changes to hypoventilation (with mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis) and respiratory failure |
| what are some late symptoms of an acute overdose with salicylates? | hyperactivity, fever, confusion, seizures; rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, and respiratory failure may eventually develop |
| what are some S & S of chronic overdose with salicylates? | nonspecific and vary greatly, subtle confusion, changes in mental status, fever, hypoxia, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, dehydration, lactic acidosis, hypotension |
| what are some side effects with acetaminophen? | GI: hepatic failure, hepatotoxicity GU: renal failure HEMAT: neutropenia, leukopenia DERM: rash, urticaria |
| what signs and symptoms are present in 0-24 hours (phase I) postingestion of acetaminophen | pallor, malaise, vomiting, diaphoresis |
| what S & S are present in 18-72 hours (phase II) postingestion of acetaminophen | RUQ tenderness, tachycardia, hypotension |
| what S & S are present in 72-96 hours (phase III) post ingestion acetaminophen | tender hepatic edge, jaundice, coagulopathy, GI bleed, hepatic encephalopathy |
| what S & S is present in 4 days to 3 weeks (phase 4) post ingestion acetaminophen | resolution |
| what are some side effects with capsaicin | Resp: cough DERM: transient burning |
| side effects with flavocoxid | CV: incresed BP GI: GI upset DERM: psoriasis |
| side effects with phenazopyridine | CNS: headache GI: hepatotoxicity GU: bright orange urine HEMAT: hemolytic anemia |
| what are some contraindications for non opioid analgesics? | hypersensitivity, cross sensitivity among NSAIDs |
| what are some precautions (use cautiously in clients) when giving non opioid analgesics? | severe hepatic or renal disease, chronic alcohol use/abuse or malnutrition |
| what are some drug interactions with NSAIDs? | increase risk of GI bleed with warfarin, thrombolytic agents, antiplatelet, cephalosporins, and valproates; decrease the effectiveness of diuretics and antihypertensives |
| what are some drug interactions with acetaminophen? | used with NSAIDs may increase risk of adverse renal effects, increase risk of bleeding with warfarin |
| what are some drug interactions with tramadol | risk of cns depression is increased by concurrent use with other CNS depressants, including alcohol, antihistamines, sedative/hypnotics, and some antidepressants |
Created by:
esjastad
Popular Nursing sets