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TL Cardiac Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name three calcium channel blockers. | Verapamil, Nifedipine, Diltiazem |
| How do calcium channel blockers work? | reduce heart’s work load & decrease blood pressure by blocking calcium channels into the cells of the heart and arterial muscles resulting in reduced contractility and vasodilation resulting in reduced cardiac output and reduced peripheral resistance. |
| Although there are exceptions like verapamil and diltiazem, many calcium channel blockers end in which four letters? | -pine |
| What are the indications for calcium channel blockers? | angina, hypertension, and dysrhythmias |
| What are the contraindications for calcium channel blockers? | hypersensitivity, bradycardia, heart block, decreased bp, uncompensated CHF ( use caution with renal or hepatic problems and don’t give verapamil and diltiazem with beta blockers) |
| What are the side effects of calcium channel blockers? | decreased bp, bradycardia, peripheral edema, headache, constipation, nausea, flushing, dysrhythmias- may precipitate AV heart block |
| What are the nursing implications for calcium channel blockers? | administration – b4 meals, no grapefruit; Monitor vitals and watch for hypotension, change position slowly, liver and renal function tests, daily weight- report weight gain, fiber and fluid for constipation |
| While the patient is taking calcium channel blockers the nurse monitors for signs of CHF. What are they? | dyspnea, rales/crackles, weight gain, jugular venous distention, peripheral edema |
| What are the contraindications for verapamil? | severe left ventricular dysfunction, decreased blood pressure, cardiogenic shock, heart block |
| What are the contraindications for Diltiazem? | Sick sinus syndrome, heart block, decreased blood pressure, acute MI, or pulmonary congestion |
| What types of administration of nitroglycerin are fast acting? | IV, Sublingual tabs, translingual spray |
| What types of nitroglycerin are relatively slow acting? | Nitro bid (patch), nitro ointment, sustained release tablets |
| Nitroglycerin is classified as what? | nitrate vasodilator |
| How does nitroglycerin work? | relaxes the arteries and veins (mostly veins) thereby reducing preload and afterload |
| What are the uses for nitroglycerin? | angina pain, with beta blockers or CCBs to suppress tachycardia |
| Who should not use nitroglycerin? | hypersensitive, severe anemia, taking Viagra, taking other vasodilators, beta blockers, verapamil, or diltiazem, severe hepatic or renal disease |
| What are the side effects of nitroglycerin? | orthostatic hypotension, headache, blurred vision, dry mouth, tachycardia |
| Patients with what condition should carry nitrates at all times? | angina pectoris |
| How should nitroglycerin be stored? | In a dark airtight container protected from heat, light, and air |
| What sensations indicate sublingual nitroglycerin tablets are fresh? | tingling, fizzle under the tongue |
| What is the shelf life of nitroglycerin? | unused medication should be discarded after 24 months |
| When should the client call 9-1-1 after taking nitroglycerin? | If pain is not relieved in 5 minutes of taking one pill, may continue taking one pill for a total of 3 tablets while waiting for emergency care |
| What kind of beverages are best avoided during nitrate therapy? | alcoholic |
| What are the rules for nitroglycerin patch wearers? | rotate patches and remove after 12 -14 hours to have a patch free interval of 10-12 hours a day |
Created by:
Perseverandovercome
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