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Movement of a body part away from the midline
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Skeletal System A&P2
68WM6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Movement of a body part away from the midline | abduction |
| movement of a body part toward the midline | adduction |
| a thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis | artciular |
| moves the distal end of a bone in a circle | circumduction |
| the outer layer of bone that is hard and dense | compact bone |
| an oval projection that fits into an elliptical socket | condyle |
| a sharp edge | crest |
| shaft; a hollow tube made of hard, compact bone | diaphysis |
| a thin membrane that lines the meduallary cavity | endosteum |
| cartilage between the epiphyses and the diaphysis; primary location for growth | epiphyseal plate |
| the ends of the bone | epiphyses |
| increasing the angle of a join, as in straightening a bent elbow | extension |
| reduces the angle of the joint, as in bending the elbow | flexion |
| areas where ossification is incomplete or known as "soft spots" | fontanel |
| the process of blood cell formation | hematopoiesis |
| the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone containing yellow bone marrow; consists primarily of fat | medullary cavity |
| a large depression on the posterior surface of the humerus | olecranon fossa |
| bone reabsorbing cells | osteoclasts |
| living bone cells | osteocytes |
| a bone-forming cell | osteoblasts |
| a strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone everywhere except at joint surfaces | periosteum |
| soft connective tissue inside the hard walls of some bones | red bone marrow |
| spins one bone relative to another, as in rotatingthe head at the neck joint | rotation |
| spaces or cavities within some of the cranial bones | sinus |
| the porous bone in the end ofthe long bone | spongy bone |
| an immovable joint | suture |
| purpose of the skeletal system | provide a rigid framework and support structure for the whole body |
| functions of the skeletal system | support, protection, movement, storage, hematopoiesis |
| structure that connects muscle to bone | tendon |
| structure that connects bone to bone | ligament |
| most abundant substance in bone | calcium |
| two types of marrow | red and yellow |
| types of bones | long, short, flat, irregular |
| carpals and tarsals are an example of what type of bone | short bones |
| scapula and skull bones are an example of what type of bone | flat bones |
| vertebrae are an example of what type of bones | irregular bones |
| humerus and femur are examples of what type of bones | long bones |
| bones form by the replacement of existing connective tissue, what are the two ways | intramembranous and endochondral |
| developing from layers of connective tissue. simpler and most direct for of ossification; flat bones and clavicles are formed in this manner | intramembranous bone formation |
| develops first as hyaline cartilage, which is later replaced by bone tissue, all other bones are formed in this manner | endochondral bone formation |
| two divisions of the human skeleton | axial and appendicular |
| suture that is midline between the two parietal bones | sigittal |
| suture between the frontal bone and the parietal bones | coronal |
| suture between the occipital and parietal bones | lambdoidal |
| suture between the temporal and parietal bones | squamosal |
| number of vertebrae in the vertebral column | 26 |
| number of cervical vertebrae | 7 |
| number of thoracic vertebrae | 12 |
| number of lumbar vertebrae | 5 |
| number of fused vertebrae in the sacrum | 5 |
| number of fused vertebrae in the coccyx | 4 |
| number of pairs of ribs in the thoracic cage | 12 |
| number of true ribs | first 7 pairs; costal cartilages of ribs join directly to the sternum |
| number of false ribs | remaining pairs, 8 through 12; connected indirectly to the sternum |
| floating ribs | last two pairs 11, 12; no cartilaginous attachment to the sternum |
| structure located midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cage | sternum |
| top portion of the sternum | manubrium |
| bottom portion of the sternum | xiphoid process |
| composed of two clavicles and two scapulae | pectoral girdle |
| immovable joints | synarthroses |
| slightly movable joints | amphiarthroses |
| freely movable joints | diarthroses |
| fibrous tissue binds bones together in this type of joint | synarthroses |
| cartilaginous tissue binds bones together in this type of joint | amphiarthroses |
| synovial tissue binds bones together in this type of joint | diarthroses |
| types of synovial joints | ball and socket, condyloid, gliding, hinge, pivot, saddle |
| shoulder and hip (type of joint) | example of ball-and socket joint |
| between the metacarpals and the phalanges (type of joint) | example of a condyloid joint |
| between the wrist and ankle bones (type of joint) | example of gliding joints |
| elbow...humerus and ulna (type of joint) | example of a hinge joint |
| proximal ends of radius and ulna (type of joint) | example of a pivot joint |
| joint between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb | example of a saddle joint |
| lowering a part (drooping the shoulders) | depression |
| flexing the foot at the ankle (bending the foot upward) | dorsiflexion |
| raising a part (shrugging the shoulders) | elevation |
| turning the foot so the sole is outward | eversion |
| straightening a joint so that the angle between its parts is increased and the parts move farther apart (straightening the leg at the knee) | extension |
| excessive extension of the parts at a joint, beyond the anatomical position | hyperextension |
| turning the foot so the sole is inward | inversion |
| extending the foot at the ankle | plantar flexion |
| turning the hand so the palm is downward or turning the foot so that the medial margin is lowered | pronation |
| moving a part forward | protraction |
| moving a part backward | retraction |
| turning the hand so the palm is upward or turning the foot so that thte medial margin is raised | supination |
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