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Nutrition
Vitamins
| Vitamin | Function | Deficiency | Toxicity | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VITAMIN D - | Maintains Serum Calcium Concentrations by: Stimulationg GI absorption, Release of calcium from the bones, calcium reabsorption from the kidneys | Rickets in children-Malfunction of bone dvlpmt. Teeth decay & malformation, Osteomalacia (in adults) Bone softening, easy fractures, Muscles-involuntary twitching | Kidney stones, permanent Kidney damage, muscle/bone weakness, excessive bleeding, no appetite, headaches, thirst, calcification of soft tissue (blood vessels, kidneys, heart, lungs), death | By sunlight on the skin Liver, fatty fish, egg yolks, fortified milk, RTE cereals & margerine |
| VITAMIN E - | antioxidant to protect Vitamin A and protect cell membranes | Increased RBC hemolysis In infants: anemia, edema & skin lesions | Nontoxic high doses enhance action of anticoagulant meds | Vegetable oils, margarine, salad dressing, nuts, seeds, wheat germ, dark green vegies, whole grains, fortified cereals |
| VITAMIN K - | blood clotting proteins, bone protein that regulates blood calcium | Hemorrhaging | NONE | bacterial synthesis, green leafy veggies, liver, eggs, cabbage family veggies |
| VITAMIN B1 "THIAMIN" | Co enzyme energy metabolism promotes normal appetite and nervous system functioning | Beriberi - mental confusion, decrease in memory, fatigue, apathy, muscle weakness and wasting, painful calf muscles, anorexia, weight loss, edema, Enlarged heart, Sudden death from heart failure | NONE | whole grains, enriched breads and cereals, liver, nuts, wheat germ, pork, dried peas and beans |
| VITAMIN B2 "RIBOFLAVIN" | Coenzyme in energy metabolism, Aids in the conversion of tryptophan into niacin | Dermatitis, cheilosis, glossitis, photophobia, reddening of cornea | none | Milk, dairy products, whole grain, enriched breads/cereals, eggs, meat, green leafy veggies |
| VITAMIN B3 "NIACIN" | Coenzyme in energy metabolism, promotes normal nervous system functioning | Pellagra (the 4 D's) Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death if untreated | flushing, liver damage, gastric ulcers, low blood pressure, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting | all protein foods, whole grain and enriched breads & cereals |
| VITAMIN B6 | coenzyme in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism. Helps covert tryptophan to niacin. Helps produce insulin, hemoglobin, myelin sheaths and antibodies | Dermatitis, cheilosis, glossitis, abnormal brain wave pattern, convulsions and anemia | depression, fatigue, irritability, headaches, sensory neuropathy characteristic | Meats, fish, poultry, fruits, green leafy veggies, whole grains, nuts, dried peas and beans |
| FOLATE | Coenzyme in DNA synthesis, therefor vital for new cell synthesis and transmission of inherited characteristics | Glossitis, diarrhea, macrogytic anemia, depression, mental confusion, fainting, fatigue | Too much can mask B12 deficiency | LEAFY VEGGIES, DRIED PEAS AND BEANS, SEEDS, LIVER, ORANGE JUICE, SOME FRUITS, BREADS, CERUEALS AND OTHER GRANIN ARE FORTIFIED WITH FOLIC ACID |
| VITAMIN B12 | Coenzyme in the synthesis of new cells. Activates folate, maintains nerve cells, helps metabolize some fatty acids and amino acids | GI CHANGES: glossitis, anorexia, indigestion, recurring diarrhea or constipation & weight loss. MACROCYTIC ANEMIA: pallor, dyspnea, weakness, fatgue, and palpitations. NEUROLOGIC CHANGES: paresthesia of the hands and feet, decreased sense of position | NONE | Animal products: meat, fish, poultry, shellfish, milk dairy products, eggs, some fortified foods |
| PANTOTHENIC ACID | part of coenzyme A used in energy metabolism | Rare, general failure of all body systems | NONE large doses may cause diarrhea. | Widespread in foods, meat, poultry and fish, grain cereals and dried peas and beans |
| BIOTIN | Coenzyme in energy metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism and glycogen formation | Rare: anorexia, fatigue, depression dry skin heart abnormalities | NONE | Eggs, liver, milk dark green veggies |
| VITAMIN C | collagen synthesis, antioxidant, promotes iron absorption, metabolizes amino acids, thyroxin synthesis, immune system functioning | bleeding gums, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin. SCURVY: hemorrhaging, muscle degeneration, skin changes, delayed wound healing, soft bones, easy fractures, soft loose teeth, anemia, Susceptible to infection, hysteria and depression | Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, headache, insomnia, fatigue, hot flashes, aggravation of gout symptoms | Citrus fruits and juices, red and green peppers, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, cantaloupe, kiwifruit, mustard greens, strawberries, tomatoes |
| VITAMIN A - "RETINOL" | Enables eyes to function in dim light, development of bones, teeth, mucosal devlpmnt for healthy skin, membranes, hair, gums & glands, immune function | night blindness, bone growth cease, bone shape change, teeth enamel crack & decay, SKIN-dry, scaly, rough & cracked. MUCOUS membranes cells flatten and harden. EYES-dry, hardening of cornea causing blindness, SALIVA-decreased-difficulty chewing, swallowin | headache, vomiting, double vision, hair loss, bone abnormalities, liver damage, birth defects during pregnancy | Found in Liver, milk, butter, cheese, cream, egg yolk, fortified milk & cereals / Beta-carotene:Green leafy vegs, broccoli, carrots, peaches, pumpkin, red peppers, sweet potatoes, squash, mango, watermelon, apricots, cateloupe |
Created by:
gillygun
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