Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

U5: Intestines

Digestive System Part IV: Small & Large Intestines

QuestionAnswer
Small intestine organ in which most chemical digestion and most absorption occur; extends from pyloric region of stomach to cecum of large intestine; longest organ of digestive tract; subdivisions are duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Duodenum subdivision of small intestine; extends from pyloric sphincter to constitute about the first 10 inches of small intestine; receives enzymes from pancreas via pancreatic duct, receives bile from liver & gallbladder via common bile duct
Jejunum middle portion of small intestine; makes up superior left coils of small intestine
Ileum terminal (distal) and longest portion of small intestine; makes up inferior right coils of small intestine; joined to cecum of large intestine at ileocecal valve
Ileocecal valve located at junction of ileum of small intesting and cecum of large intestine; controls movement of food residue from small intestine to large intestine
Hepatopancreatic ampulla bulb formed by pancreatic duct and bile duct where they enter wall of duodenum; opens into duodenal lumen via major duodenal papilla
Circular folds/plicae circularis, villi, microvilli structural features of small intestine that greatly increase its surface area and thus account for small intestine’s extensive absorptive capacity
Circular folds/Plicae circulares circular wrinkles in small intestine lining; increase surface area for absorption
Villi about 1mm high; finger-like projections of small intestine mucosa; give it velvety appearance/feel; covered w/ layer of simple columnar epithelium; core is made of lamina propria; each contains network of blood capillaries and lymphatic capillary/lacteal
Microvilli tiny, microscopic, bristle-like projections of upper surface of mucosal epithelial cells; significantly amplify surface area of epithelial cells, thus enhancing nutrient absorption
Goblet cells in lining epithelium of small intestine; secrete a coating of mucus onto internal surface of both small and large intestine
Enteroendocrine cells of duodenum cells in lining epithelium of small intestine; secrete hormones including cholecystokinin, which stimulates gallbladder to release stored bile
Cholecystokinin hormone secreted by enteroendocrine cells of duocenum; stimulates gallbladder to release stored bile
Intestinal glands/intestinal crypts/crypts of Lieberkuhn indentations of cells in mucosa between villi; epithelial cells in these indentations secrete intestinal juice and renew mucosal epithelium by undergoing rapid mitosis and moving continuously into the villi
Aggregated lymphoid nodules/Peyer’s patches in ileum lymphoid tissue in lamina propria and submucosa of small & large intestine; keeps large numbers of bacteria in the lumen of small and large intestines from getting out of hand.
Intestinal flora normal permanent bacterial residents of intestinal lumen of both small and large intestines; produce some essential vitamins including vitamin K and some B vitamins which the intestines absorb
Large intestine larger in diameter than small intestine, but shorter; extends from ileum of small intestine to anus; absorbs water, some electrolytes, some components of bile, some vitamins; eliminates indigestible food residue as feces
Ileocecal valve located at junction of ileum and cecum; regulates movement of food residue from small intestine into large intestine
Cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal subdivisions of large intestine
Cecum sac-like beginning of large intestine in the lower, right portion of abdominal cavity
Appendix (vermiform appendix) small, worm-shaped tubular structure attached to cecum; contains lymphoid tissue to combat bacteria, but an excessive accumulation of bacteria can cause inflammation
Appendicitis inflammation of appendix due to excessive accumulation of bacteria; prone to rupture, which could cause extremely large number of bacteria to be released into abdominal cavity, which can lead to peritonitis
Colon includes ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions
Ascending colon portion of colon; from cecum extends up right side of abdominal cavity and makes turn near liver called hepatic flexure
Hepatic flexure turn of ascending colon near the liver
Transverse colon portion of colon extending horizontally across abdominal cavity from hepatic flexure to a turn near the spleen called the splenic flexure
Splenic flexure turn of transverse colon near spleen
Descending colon portion of colon; extends down left side of abdominal cavity from splenic flexure and to sigmoid colon
Sigmoid colon portion of colon shaped somewhat like sideways “S” that extends from descending colon to rectum in posterior pelvic cavity
Rectum subdivision of large intestine; extends straight down through the posterior pelvic cavity to anal canal
Anal canal subdivision of large intestine; extends the length of about 1.5” from end of rectum to anus; surrounded by external anal sphincter and internal anal sphincter
External anal sphincter anal sphincter consisting of skeletal muscle, so can be voluntarily controlled
Internal anal sphincter anal sphincter consisting of smooth muscle; cannot be voluntarily controlled
Teniae coli three longitudinal strips along colon; contain smooth muscle, so have muscle tone and cause the colon to pouch-up into pucker-like units called haustra (sing. Haustrum)
Diverticula abnormal protrusions/outward herniations of mucosa through colon wall caused by greater exertion of pressure due to lack of fiber in diet; can result in diverticulosis or diverticulitis if inflamed or infected
Defecation involves mass peristaltic movements that move feces into rectum and anal canal, and relaxation of anal sphincters
Hemorrhoids varicosities of veins in anal canal; result from straining to defecate or deliver a baby
Created by: mbtrimm
Popular Biology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards