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skull and cranium
chapter 12 bontrager
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Total number of cranium bones? | 8 |
| Total number of facial bones? | 14 |
| List the four cranial bones that form the calvaria. | Lt. parietal- Rt. parietal- Frontal- Occipital |
| The four cranial bones that form the floor of cranium. | Lt. & rt. temporal- Sphenoid- Ethmoid |
| A structure found in the middle of the sphenoid bone that surrounds the pituiatary gland? | Sella turcica |
| The posterior aspect of sella turcica is called? | Dorsum sellae |
| which allow for the passage of the optic nerve and is the opening into the orbit? and where it is located? | The foramen optic. And is located in the sphenoid bone. |
| which structure of the sphenoid bone help form part of the nasal cavitie? | medial and lateral petrygoid cavity! |
| which radiographic cranial position best demonstrate the sella turcica? | Lateral |
| which aspect of the frontal bone forms the superior aspect of the orbit? | orbital and horizontal portion |
| know the six asterions and fontanels | Fontanels: coronal, squamosal, lambdoidal, sagital Asterions: Bregma ( anterior), Lambda ( Posterior), pterion ( Rt. and Lt. sphenoid), asterion ( Rt. and Lt. mastoid) |
| Cranial sutures are classified as being? | Fibrous joints |
| Which term descibes the superior rim of the orbit? | Superior orbital margin ( SOM) |
| what is the name of the notch that separates the orbital plates from each other? | Ethmoidal notch |
| Which cranial bones form the the upper lateral walls of the clvarium? | Lt. and Rt. parietal |
| Which cranial bone form the foramen magnum? | occipital |
| A small prominence located on the squamous portion of the occipital bone called ? | Inion |
| what is the name of the oval process found on the occipital bone that help form the occipito-stlantal joint? | occipital condyles |
| List the three aspects of the temporal bones? | Squamous, ptroid, mastoid |
| The mastoid portion is the densest of the three aspect of temporal bone? T/F | FALSE: PETROUS PORTION |
| which external landmark correspond with the petrous ridge? | TEA |
| Which opening in the temporal bone serves as a passageway for nerves of hearing and equilibrium? | Internal acoustic meatus |
| Which structure makes up the cartilagious, external ear? | auricle |
| which small membrane marks the begining of the middle ear? | tympanic membrane |
| what is the collective term for the small bones of the middle ear? | auditory aussicles |
| which structure allow for communication between the nasopharynx and middle ear? | auditory tube |
| what is the major function described in Q: 7 | equalize the atmospheric pressure |
| which structure serves as an opening between the mastoid portion of the temporal bone and the middle ear? | aditus |
| what is the name of the thin plate of bone that separates the mastoid air cells from the brain? | tegmen tympani |
| which one of the auditory ossicles picks up sound vibration from the tympanic membrane | malleus |
| which one of the auditory asscles is considered the smallest? | stapes |
| which one of the auditory ossicle reaembles premolar tooth? | incus |
| which two sensory function occur within the inner ear? | hearing, equiliobrium |
| The cochlea is a closed system relating to the sense of hearing? T/F | true |
| which imaging modalities best demonstrate otosclerosis? | ct |
| List the 3 lassification of the skull? | mesocephalic, brachiocephalic, dolichocephalic |
| Two older terms for the OML are reid's base line and anthropologic base line? T/F | false, these are others terms for IOML |
| there is a ......... degree difference between the orbitomeatal and infraorbitomeatal lines? | 7 to 8 degree |
| there is a ....... degree difference between orbitomeatal and glabellomeatal lines? | same |
| what is the average Kv range for Skull radiography? | 70-85 kv |
| The AP axial (town) results in 10 times more dose to the thyroid than a PA axial ( haas) projection? T/F | True |
| List five more common errors in skull radiography> | rotation, tilt, excessive extension, excessive flexion, incorrect C.R angulation. |
| Adult with osteoporosis mat require a 25% to 30% reduction in mAs during skull prjection? T/F | True |
| which pathologic indication may require an increase in manual exposure? | Paget's disease. |
| Which cranial bone is best demonstrated with AP axial ( town methode)? | occipital |
| when using a 30 degree caudad angle for the AP axial (town method) projection of skull, which positioning line should be perpendicular to I.R? | OML |
| A lack of symmetry of the petrous ridges indicates which of the following problems with an AP axial projection? | Rotation |
| If the patient cannot flex the head adequately for the AP axial (town), the technologist could place the ..... perpendicular to IR and angle the CR....... | IOML, 37 degree caudad. |
| what evidence on AP axial (twn) radiograph indicates whether the correct CR angle and correct head flexion were used? | Dorsum sellae, posterior clinoids on foramen magnum. |
| what CR angle should be used for for PA axial (haas) cranium? | 25 degree cephalad. |
| where is the CR centered for lateral projection of cranium? | 2inch above EAM |
| which positioning error is present if the mandibular rami are not superimposed on a lateral skull? | Rotation |
| where will the petrous ridges be projectedwith a 15 degree Pa axial (caldwell) projection for the cranium? | In the lower one third of the orbit. |
| which specific positioning error if the petrous ridges are projected higher in the orbits for a 15 degree PA axial projection? | extensive flexion or insufficient CR angle |
| where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of sella turcica? | 3/4 anterio, 3/4 superior to EAM |
| which skull positioning line is placed parallel to the IR for ans SMV projection? | IOML |
| which AP axial projection for sella turcica best visualizes the anterior clinoid processes? | 30 degree caudal to IOML |
| which projection best demostrate the foramen rotundum? | 25 to 30 degree PA axial |
| which projection best demonstrate the clivus in profile? | lateral |
| where does the CR exit for a PA axial (haas) of skull? | one and half inch superior to the nasion. |
| what type of CR is used if dorsum sellae and posteior clinoid are of interest? | 37 degree caudad |
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zidox
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