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Cardiac Meds 2011

Medication Tutorial

QuestionAnswer
Four main groups of dysrhythmias Atropine, Amiodarone, Lidocaine, Cardizem
It's action is to block the parasympathetic effect on the heart and therefore increase heart rate. Bronchodilation occurs with this drug as well. ATROPINE
Blocks the movement of K+ ions across the myocardial cell walls. Therefore decreases repolarization. AMIODARONE
Na+ channel blocker LIDOCAINE
Anticholinergic ATROPINE
Decreases the automaticity of the myocardial cells. LIDOCAINE
One of the Ca+ channel blockers CARDIZEM
Used to slow the heart rate by a blockate at the sinus node and by slowing conduction through the AV node. CARDIZEM
4 Types of Drugs used to treat CAD VASODILATORS (Nitrates), ANTIPLATELETS, BETA BLOCKERS (lol), ACE INHIBITORS (pril)
Used to decrease angina VASODILATOR (e.g. nitrates)
Used to prevent clot build up ANTIPLATELETS
These medications will decrease preload and afterload due to their affect on arteries and veins VASODILATORS
This class decreases platelet aggregation ANTIPLATELETS
This class has multiple uses including: Angina, Hypertension, Dysrhythmia, MI, heart failure, and migraines. BETA BLOCKERS
Used in CAD, Hypertension, and Heart Failure ACE INHIBITORS
Decreases Angiotension II and thereby promotes vasodilation. Also prevents structural changes in cardiac, vascular beds (remodeling) ACE INHIBITORS
K+ Channel Blocker AMIODARONE
Used with symptomatic bradycardia ATROPINE
Side effects are dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention ATROPINE
List (3) Nursing Implications of Atropine 1. Considered emergency drug and part of ACLS protocol. 2. Only given I.V. 3. Desire to have patient on telemonitor
Used for PVC's and ventricular tachycardia. It has also been helpful in atrial fib. AMIODARONE
Side effects can be severe. Toxic to lung tissue and vision. AMIODARONE
Given only IV LIDOCAINE
Side effects are CNS depression, convulsions, and can have increase in dysrhythmias. Monitor for mental status changes LIDOCAINE
Has effect on the electrical pathways above the ventricle, therefore used to slow down dysrhythmias originating in atria CARDIZEM
Side effects are flushing and peripheral edema CARDIZEM
List 2 nursing implications with Cardizem Monitor BP and HR
This drug is given IV and PO AMIODARONE
Patient's often do not feel well when first placed on the drug.. they complain of fatigue and anorexia AMIODARONE
List 2 drugs that you specifically need to watch HR and BP CARDIZEM & AMIODARONE
Drug has very long half life of 25-110 days AMIODARONE
This helps dilate coronary arteries thus decreasing angina NITRATES
ASA is the most widely used for prevention and least expensive. Plavix is used post stent, maybe post CABG and post MI ANTIPLATELETS
B1(heart) and B2(lungs). This group can be nonselective or selective of one receptor. Coreg has an alpha (vascular) component as well. All of these receptors are part of the Sympathetic Nervous System. BETA BLOCKERS
It is important to monitor for hypotension, especially with the first dose of this medication ACE INHIBITORS
These are given PO(isordil), SL, IV and paste NITRATES
ASA helps to decrease inflammation as well (Plavix does at a lower level) ANTIPLATELETS
With CAD patients, these meds are used to decrease the oxygen consumption of the heart and decreases SNS stimulation (decrease HR) BETA BLOCKERS
Severe reaction of angioedema can result. Other side effects are cough and hyperkalemia. ACE INHIBITORS
Due to the arterial dilation, hypotension can occur. Always give SL with the patient seated or prone. Headaches can occur due to dilation of arteries to the head NITRATES
IV class (glcoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors) are also antiplatelet. These are infused right after a stent is placed. What are 2 of their names? INTREGRELLIN & REOPRO
Meds are usually well tolerated. Can cause some adverse hemotologic events, but common side effects are abdominal pain and increased risk of GI bleed ANTIPLATELETS
Side effects are bradycardia, decreased CO, bronchoconstriction, decreased glycogenolysis, and can increase incidents of impotence BETA BLOCKERS
Reflex tachycardia can occur NITRATES
Use with caution in respiratory patient, and warn DM patient about reduced warning of hypoglycemia BETA BLOCKERS
Monitor heart rate and blood pressure when giving doses BETA BLOCKERS
Why are patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) usually prescribed many medications? Many compensatory responses occur with CHF. The meds are prescribed to suppress these responses.
What med suppresses the increases of SNS in CHF patients? BETA BLOCKERS
What med suppresses the increase of renal vasoconstriction in CHF patients? ACE INHIBITORS
What med suppresses Ventricular Remodeling in CHF patients? ACE INHIBITORS
These medications are also important in treating CHF Diuretics
Purpose of this drug is to increase the strength of the heart's contraction INOTROPES
This drug is a combination of a positive Inotrope and a negative Chronotrope DIGOXIN
3 common classes of drugs used alone and in combination to reduce blood pressure: BETA BLOCKERS, ACE INHIBITORS, and DIURETICS
Most common used Diuretic to assist in blood pressure control THIAZIDES
Calcium Channel Blocker NORVASC
Causes vasodilation at arterioles NORVASC
Central acting causes a decrease in sympathetic neuro firing (clonidine) ALPHA BLOCKERS
What competes with Digoxin and requires monitoring for proper levels? POTASSIUM (K+)
Given IV push or more common PO DIGOXIN
Side effects are flushing and peripheral edema NORVASC
Side effects are rebound hypertension and drowsiness Central Acting ALPHA BLOCKERS
Narrow therapeutic window - need to monitor drug levels DIGOXIN
Nuring Implications of Norvasc Monitor BP and HR
Peripheral acting causes a vasodilation of arterioles and veins (prazosin) ALPHA BLOCKERS
Symptoms of toxicity are nausea and visual changes DIGOXIN
Side effects are orthostatic hypotension and rebound tachycardia Peripheral Acting ALPHA BLOCKERS
Side effects are bradycardia and fatigue DIGOXIN
Created by: Jamiah17
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