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JM HTN
Hypertension
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is hypertension? | Persistent seated BP levels equal to or greater than 140/90 mm Hg. |
| Name the two types of HTN and define them. | Essential (primary HTN has no known cause;secondary HTN develops in response to an identifiable mechanism |
| How is BP created? | By the difference in the pressure of the blood as it leaves the heart and the resistance it meets flowing out to the tissues. |
| What affects BP? | Any factor that alters cardiac output or peripheral vascular resistance:diet and exercise,smoking cessation,wt control,stress mgt-can all affect the resistance blood meets as it flows from the heart. |
| Discuss nursing assessments for HTN. | BP=to or>140/90 on TWO SEPARATE occasions,genetic risk factors,lifestyle and habits that increase risk for HTN,renal failure,resp probs, esp COPD,cardiac probs esp valvular d/o’s,steroid,estrogens (both increase BP), |
| What physical s/s may occur with HTN? | HA, edema, nocturia,nosebleeds, vision changes or pt may be ASYMPTOMATIC. |
| What lifestyle and/or habits increase the risk of HTN? | Use of alcohol,tobacco,and caffeine,obesity,sedentary lifestyle,high salt and fat intake,oral contraceptives or estrogens,stress. |
| What associated physical problems may the RN see in pt with HTN? | Renal failure,respiratory problems, esp COPD, cardiac problems, especially valvular disorders. |
| What are the main risk factors for HTN? | Heredity,race (African Americans),age, alcohol abuse,increased salt intake, obesity, and use of oral contraceptives. |
| What personality type is more likely to develop HTN? | Type A behavior |
| What drug use history may increase risk for HTN? | Use of steroids or estrogens-they both increase BP. |
| What are the nonmodifiable risk factors for HTN? | Family history,gender (men greater risk till menopause age than it is equal),age,ethnicity(African Americans greater risk). |
| Discuss nursing diagnoses related to HTN. | Deficient knowledge r/t, Noncompliance r/t; Ineffective tissue perfusion (specify type) r/t |
| Discuss nursing plans/interventions for pt with HTN. | Teach:disease process,info about treatment plan:how to take BP,meds,NECESSITY OF CONSISTENCY IN MED REGIMEN;need for ongoing assessment While taking antihypertensives. |
| What is the number one cause of stroke in HTN pts? | Noncompliance with meds. |
| Discuss nursing plans/interventions not previously mentioned. | Monitor serum electrolytes Q90-120days/durationTX;renal functioning (BUN and creatinine)q90-120days/durationtx;BP and pulse rate/usually weekly. |
| What nonpharmacologic measures can HTN pt utilize to assist with BP control? | Stress reduction,wt loss, tobacco cessation, exercise.Nutrition:low-salt,low-fat,low-cholesterol. Determine med side effects: impotence,insomnia. |
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