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Meningitis Review
Headaches Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most frequent sign of meningitis? | change in mood or attention level. |
| Positive Kernigs sign | The person is unable to extend his/her leg when the hip is flexed |
| Is meningitis a primary or secondary type of headache? | Secondary: caused by associated disease. The associated disease may be minor or serious and life threatening |
| Describe the pathophysiology of meningitis | a pathogen crosses the blood brain barrier and migrates through the central nervous system. The inflammatory response -> increase ICP, and purulent exudate |
| How is meningitis spread? | It can be spread by sharing food, drinking glasses, eating utensils and towels. Vital disease is spread by direct contact with infected feces or nose and throat secretions which usually do not cause illness |
| What are the two types of meningitis? | Viral is usually self limiting with complete recovery. Bacterial may leave residual effects |
| Conditions that increase the risk/occurrence of meningitis are? | Upper respiratory infection-Otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis. Immunosuppresion - invasive procedures,skull fracture Overcrowding living conditions |
| Specific infective agents the increase the risk for meningitis are? | Bacterial: Neisseria meningitidis, strpptococcus penumonia, Haemophilus influenza Viral: mumps, herpez zoster, Herpes simplx, CMV Cytomegalovirus |
| In the U.S., what are the most common organisms that cause viral meningitis? | In the U.S, mostof the cases of viral meningitis are caused by echovirus and coxsachie virus. |
| S/S of Meningitis | headache, neck ache and stiffness, dislike of bright lights (photophobia), dislike of sound (phonophobia), fever, vomiting, decreased LOC and RASH |
| What is nuchal rigidity? | Stiffness in the neck, often accompnaied by pain and spasm on attempts to move the head. The most common side of meningitis |
| What is Kernigs sign? | In meningitis when the pts thigh is flexed at the hip when lying face up, pain and spasm of the hamstring muscles occur when an attempt to made to completely extend the leg at the knee |
| What is Brudzinski sign? | Flexion of extremities that occur with deliberate flexion of the ct neck |
| Diagnostic measures of meningitis? | lumbar puncture, blood culture, CT MRI |
| What is lumbar puncture needle inserted? | between 3rd and 4th lumbar space |
| What are the medications given for meningitis for adults 50 and under and for adults over 50? | Adults 50<, dexamethasone (initiate before or with first dose of antibiotics) and vancomycin. Adults over 50 - with ampicillin |
| How does meningitis affect the older pt? | Older pt more likely to have severe infection and complications. Older patient at increased risk for secondary complications such as pneumonia |
| Why are a CT or MRI diagnostic tools for headaches? | May do CT, MRI to rule out infection, tumor or aneurysm |
| What does prodromal mean? | An early symptom indicating the onset of an attack |
| Name some postdromal (after-effects) of migraines? | feeling tired, washed out, impaired concentration, scalp tenderness, depression, malaise, nausea, feeling refreshed or euphoric |
| List food common triggers for migraines | Chocolate, tyramine containing food such as processed cheese, soy, including teriyaki sauce, meats, avocado, bananas, dried fruit, Herb; saw palmetto Nitrates in processed foods( Hot Dogs) |
| List common s/s of cluster headaches | pain around eyes and temples, redness of conjunctiva of the eye, tearing nasal congestion, dripping nose, facial swelling, pupil constriction, ptosis (drooping of the eye) restlessness, sensitivity to touch |
Created by:
starr8904
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