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What are the phases of wound healing?
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What happens during the hemostasis phase?
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68wm6 p2 wound manag
Wound management
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the phases of wound healing? | *Hemostasis *Inflammatory Phase *Reconstruction Phase *Maturation Phase |
| What happens during the hemostasis phase? | termination of bleeding |
| What happens during the inflammatory phase? | initial increase in blood elements and water flow from the vessels to the vascular space. |
| What happens during the reconstruction phase? | collagen formation from fibroblasts at wound site. Begins the 3rd or 4th day after injury. |
| What happens during the maturation phase? | roughly 3 weeks after surgery fibroblasts begin to exit the wound. Scar developes. |
| In which phase is collagen formed from fibroblasts to promote healing? | Reconstruction phase |
| What is the primary intention wound healing method? | *When wound edges are directly next to one another *Little tissue loss *MINIMAL SCARRING *Most surgical wounds heal by first intention healing *Wound closure is performed with sutures *staples, or adhesive at the time of initial evaluation |
| What is the secondary intention wound healing method? | *The wound is allowed to granulate *May be packed a wound with gauze or use a drainage system *Results in a broader scar *Healing process is slow *Wound care must be performed daily |
| What is the delayed primary closure (Tertiary) healing method? | *The wound is initially cleaned, debrided and observed, typically 4 or 5 days) before closure *The wound is purposely left open |
| What are the three types of wound healing? | *Primary *Secondary *Tertiary (Delayed Primary) |
| Define Granulation: | tissue and capillaries must extend from the edges inside the wound toward the center, this results in a broader scar |
| Define Compartment Syndrome: | a painful condition resulting from the expansion or overgrowth of enclosed tissue (as of a leg muscle) within its anatomical enclosure producing pressure that interferes with circulation and adversely affects the function and health of the tissue itself. |
| Define Extravasations: | Passage or escape into the tissues, usually blood, serum, or lymph fluid. |
| Define Dhiscence: | the parting of the sutured lips of a surgical wound. |
| What are the S&S of compartment syndrome? | *Pain with pressure *Diminished sensation distal to the compartment area. *Diminished to absent extremity pulses distal to the injury |
| List 3 S&S of internal bleeding | *Increase thirst *Restlessness *Rapid, thready pulse *Decreased blood pressure *Decreased urinary output *Cool clammy skin *Abdomen rigid and distended *Hypovolemic shock |
| True or False: A patient suffering Dehiscence should be kept NPO | True |
| Which wound complication is a surgical emergency? | Evisceration |
| What are the steps for a dry dressing change? | 1)Assemble supplies 2)Wash hands, don gloves 3)Remove old dressing, note drainage 4)Change gloves, clean wound per physician orders/protocol 5)Apply ointment if ordered 6)Apply new dressing 7)Secure with tape, initial and date |
| What supplies do you need to do a dry sterile dressing change? | Gloves, gauze, tape, basin, NSS, 30-60 ml syringe, pad |
| How often do you change a wet to dry dressing? | Every 12 hours |
| True or False: You change a wet to dry dressing every 12 or once the dressing becomes dry. | False. You do change the dressing at least every 12 hours, but you must NEVER let the dressing become dry before you change it. |
| At what temperature does wound healing happen? | Body temperature |
| List the steps for removing sutures | *Grasp elevated knotted end with hemostat or forceps *Snip suture at skin level on opposite side proximal to knot *Repeat for all sutures |
| What sre the types of wound drainage (exudate)? | *Serous *Sanguineous *Serosanguineous *Purulence |
| What volume of exudate drainage w/in a 24 hour period is considered abnormal? | 300ml |
| What may cause a slight increase in drainage? | Ambulation |
| What type of wound drain prevents environmental contaminants? | Closed/Suction drain |
| What drain is used when small amounts (100-200 ml) of drainage anticipated | Jackson-Pratt drain |
| What drain is used for larger amounts (up to 500 ml)of drainage | Hemovac drainage system |
| Give two examples of a closed drainage system | Hackson-pratt, Hemovac drainage system |
| When is wound healing evaluated? | *Each dressing change *Application of heat and cold therapies *Wound Irrigation *Stress to the wound site |
| How often should the condition of dressings be inspected? | At least every shift |
| Make potential nursing diagnosis for a patient requiring wound care (or memorize pre-existing ones listed here from slides) | *Potential for infection related to alteration in skin integrity *Alteration in comfort related to injury *Knowledge deficit related wound care |
| How do you evaluate wound healing? | *Reduced Size/Depth *Increase in granulation tissue *Free of signs and symptoms *Relief of pain |
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Shanejqb
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